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山东学位英语复习资料六

《山东本科毕业生申请学士学位英语考试指南6》

2. 考试技巧及分项练习

2.1 阅读理解题型特征分析与解题技巧

阅读理解部分的测试题材大致可分为以下两大类型：

1）全域型问题（global questions）

全域型问题，即就整篇文章进行提问的问题。又分为：

(1) 主旨题（Main idea）

(2) 作者意图题（Purpose）

(3) 作者语气或态度题（Tone/Attitude）

(4) 文章、段落结论题（Conclusion）

(5) 文章出处（Source）

2）局域型问题（local questions）

局域型问题，即就文章的某个细节或某个部分进行提问的问题。又分为：

（1）主要事实或具体细节题（Supporting Details）

（2）判断推理题（Inference）

（3）猜词题（Vocabulary）

同时，根据试题的答案是否已在篇章中清楚地表明，我们把试题分为：

1）直接性问题

（1）主旨题（Main idea）

（2）主要事实或具体细节题（Supporting Details）

（3）猜词题（Vocabulary）

2）简接性问题

（1）作者意图题（Purpose）

（2）作者语气或态度题（Tone/Attitude）

（3）文章、段落结论题（Conclusion）

（4）文章出处（Source）

（5）判断推理题（Inference）

从上面两种题型分类方法可以看出，有些问题，如有关主旨大意的一些试题：What is the main idea/topic?等，既属于全域型问题，又属于直接性问题，那么我们就知道首先该题可以在篇章中直接找到答案，其次应该以何种方法来读，另外，应该在哪些地方找才能找到答案。同样，对于作者的意图等试题：What is the purpose/aim of the author? 既属于全域型问题，又属于间接性问题，那么我们就知道首先该题答案在篇章中没有直接给出，考生必须根据已获得的信息运用分析、推理等方法，间接地找到答案；其次应该以何种方法来读，另外，应该在哪些地方找才能找到答案。资料来源：31省市学位英语网https://www.wendangku.net/doc/bc15709831.html,

以下，我们将针对阅读理解考试的出题特点、出题范畴、出题方式等，进行有步骤、有计划的分项应试技能训练。

1）主旨题（Subject Matter）

【例题】

Oceanography has been defined as “The application of all sciences to the study of the sea”.

Before the nineteenth century, scientists with an interest in the sea were few and far between. Certainly considered some theoretical aspects of it in his writings, but he was reluctant to go to sea to further his work.

For most people the sea was remote, and with the exception of early intercontinental travelers or others, who earned a living from the sea, there was little reason to ask many questions about it, let alone to ask what lay beneath the surface. The first time that the question “What is at the bottom of the oceans?” had to be answered with any commercial consequence was when the laying of a telegraph cable from Europe to was proposed. The engineers had to know the depth profile（轮廓）of the route to estimate the length of cable that had to be manufactured.

It was to Maury of US Navy that the Atlantic Telegraph Company turned, in 1853, for information on this matter. In the 1840s, Maury had been responsible for encouraging voyages during which soundings（试探）were taken investigate the depths of the North Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Later, some of his findings aroused much popular interest in his book The Physical Geography of the Sea.

The cable was laid, but not until 1866 was the connection made permanent and reliable. At the early attempts, the cable failed and when it was taken out for repairs it was found to be covered in living growths, a fact which defied contemporary scientific opinion that there was no life in the deeper parts of the sea.

Within a few years oceanography was under way. In 1872 Thomson led a scientific expedition, which lasted for four years and brought home thousands of samples form the sea. Their classification and analysis occupied scientists for years and led to a five-volume report, the last volume being published in 1895.

This passage is mainly about _____.

A) the beginnings of oceanography

B) the laying of the first undersea cable

C) the investigation of ocean depths

D) the early intercontinental communications

【解题思路】

Subject Matter（SM中心思想）是作者在文章中要表达的主要内容，也是贯穿全文的核心。作者在文章中努力通过各种Supporting Details就是为了证明中心议题。因此，把握主题思想对于全文内容的理解具有重要意义。然而，如何找出主题常使考生倍感棘手。因为他们总希望通过某个词或某句话就能找到答案，而找主题往往需要通读全文后才能作出判断。

【测试要点】

根据所问内容的不同，这类问题可分为主题型和标题型。主题型一目了然就是找中心（Main Idea）；标题型是为文章选择标题（Title）。这类题常见的命题方式有：

（1）What is the main idea (subject) of this passage?

（2）What does this passage mainly (primarily) concerned?

（3）The main theme of this passage is _____.

（4）The main point of the passage is _____.

（5）Which of the following is the best title for the passage?

（6）The title that best expresses the theme of the passage is _____.

（7）On which of the following subjects would the passage most likely be found in a textbook? （8）Which of the following best describes the passage as a whole?

【解题技巧】

针对SM问题，应采用快速阅读法（Skimming）浏览全文，理解文章主旨大意，阅读时要注意抓中心词和主题句。而不要被个别难句、生词困扰。另外，根据文章的不同，表示中心的句子在文章中的位置也不同，但阅读时，文章的开头、结尾及段落的段首句和段尾句特别重要，因为它们往往包含文章的中心议题。资料来源：31省市学位英语网https://www.wendangku.net/doc/bc15709831.html, 【答案解析】

本题问及全篇的中心思想。通过快读（skimming），我们知道这是一篇叙述“海洋学”的文章，第一段谈的是关于“海洋学”的定义；第二段是讲19世纪前对海洋感兴趣的科学家不多；第三段谈到由于有人提出铺设海底电缆，人们才开始研究“海底深处究竟有什么”；第四段说Maury考察北大西洋和太平洋的发现引起广泛的注意；第五段讲修筑海底电缆过程中发现大量的海洋生物；最后一段是海洋学研究的成果。可见全篇主要是讲海洋学的研究是如何开展起来的，所以正确答案是A。文章有好几个地方谈到铺设海底电缆（B项）和越洋通讯（D 项），但都是围绕着海洋学这条主线的。至于C项，测量海洋深度，只是一个细节，不可能是文章的中心意思。

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