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8A Unit 1 Grammar 如何使用现在完成时

同学们我们已经学习了现在进行时、一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时这4种时态的用法，但这4种时态还不能满足我们表达的需要。比如：表示“某人过去曾经做过某事”或者“某人做某事多久”，以上五种时态就派不上用场了。这时，我们可以用一种新的时态——现在完成时表示。

一、现在完成时的构成

（一）肯定式

说明：这里的have ／has是助动词，没有什么具体意义。当主语是第三人称单数时助动词用has，其余人称一律用have。has，have的缩略式分别为's或've。规则动词过去分词的构成与过去式的构成方式一样，不规则动词可参看不规则动词表。实例：

1）I've just copied all the new words ．我刚抄写了所有的生词。(表示不要再抄了)

2）She has lost her books ．她丢失了她的书。（表示到目前为止还没有找到）

(如果用过去时：She lost her books . 则强调书是过去丢的这一动作，而不知现在有没有找到)

3）We've just cleaned the classroom ．我们刚好打扫了教室。（表明现在教室是干净的）（二）否定式

说明：现在完成时构成否定句时，只需在助动词have ／has后面加not就行。have not，has not 的缩略式分别为haven't ，hasn't。另外，肯定句中有some，already时，改为否定时要分别改成any，yet。实例：

1）I haven't finished my homework yet．我还没有完成我的作业。

2）She hasn't travelled on a train ．她没有坐火车旅行过。

3）We have never spoken to a foreigner．我们从来没有和外国人说过话。

注：有时not可以用never代替，表示“从来没有”的意思。又如：

4）I have never seen him before．以前我从来没有见过他。

（三）一般疑问式

说明：把陈述句中的have或has放到句首，句末打问号，同时把句中的some ，already改为any ，ye t就构成了一般疑问句。肯定回答用“Yes ，主语＋have／has．否定回答用“No，主语＋haven't／hasn't．”有时也可以用“No，not yet．／No ，never．／No，not even once．”等。实例：

1）—Have you ever made dumplings ？你曾经做过饺子吗？

—Yes ，I have ．是的，我做过。

2）—Has she ever been abroad ？她曾经出过国吗？

—No，never．不，从来没有。

3）—Have they found the lost books yet ？他们已经找到了丢失的书吗？

—Yes ，they have．是的，他们找到了。

注意：当句中有否定词not ，hardly（几乎不），never的时候，在改为反意疑问句时，附加部分用肯定形式。例如：You have never come to our school ，have you ？你以前从来没有来过我们学校，是吗？

二、现在完成时的用法

（一）现在完成时的用法1：表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。此时，常与时间副词already（已经），yet（还、已经），just(刚刚、仅仅) ，ever（曾经），never（从不），before（以前）等连用。这几个副词的用法如下：

1．already意为“已经”，通常用于肯定句中，可放在助动词之后，过去分词之前，也可以放

在句末。实例：

1）I've already read this book. 我已经读过这本书了。

（“读”这一动作发生在过去，对现在造成的影响是“知道书中的内容”。）

2）I've washed my clothes already．我已经洗了衣服。

（洗衣服的动作已完成，其结果是“衣服冼干净了”。）

注意：在表示吃惊或明知故问等感情色彩时，already也可用于（口语）疑问句中。实例：3）Have you met him already ？你（真的）已经见过他了？

2．yet用在疑问句中意为“已经”，用在否定句中意为“还”，常放在句末。实例：

1）—Has he found his watch yet ？他已经找到他的手表了吗？

—No，not yet．不，还没有。

2）The woman hasn't found her dog yet ．

那位妇女还没有找到她的狗。（没找到狗，心里着急，这就是对现在的影响）

3．just意为“刚刚”，表示行为刚刚过去，常放在助动词与过去分词之间。实例：

He has just come back from school ．他刚从学校回来。

4．ever意为“曾经”，用于疑问句或否定句中，放在助动词与过去分词之间。实例：

1）Have you ever been to Hong Kong ？你曾去过香港吗？

2）I haven't ever spoken to her．我未曾和她说过话。

5．never意为“从来没有”常与before连用（before要放在句尾，而never多放在助动词与过去

分词之间。实例：

I have never travelled by plane before．我以前从来没有乘飞机旅行过。

6．before意为“以前”，指过去不确定的某个时间，总是放在句末，不受句型的限制。实例：

1）Have you been to Hainan before ？你以前去过海南吗？

2）I haven't eaten Guangdong food before．我以前没吃过广东菜。

（二）现在完成时用法二2——持续性用法（肯定句，疑问句中谓语动词必须是延续性动词）：表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。此时常与“for since＋过去的点时间或从句（从句用一般过去时）以及so far（到目前为止）等时间状语连用。

实例：

= I've lived here since 13 years ago.

= I've lived here for 13 years.

= It is 13 years since I began to live here.

2）I haven't seen him for three years ．我三年没有看见他了。

= I haven't seen him since three years ago

= I haven't seen him since 2000.

= It is 3 years since I saw him last time.

3）Mr Wang has worked in the factory since he came to the city ．

自从到这个城市以来，王先生一直在这家工厂工作。

4）She's been at this school since five years ago．

自从五年前以来她就在这个学校。

注意：①在这类句子的肯定句和疑问句中谓语动词必须用延续性动词。短暂性动词由于动作不能持续，故不能与for(达到；累计)或since（自从。。。到现在）引出的时间状语连用。

②对for和since引导的时间状语提问要用How long

1）他入团两年了。

误：He has joined the League for two years．

正：He has been a League member for two years．

2）我买这辆自行车三年了。

误：I have bought this bike for three years．

正：I have had this bike for three years．

2）▲部分短暂性动词与之对应的延续性动词：

短暂性动词延续性动词

die →be dead

borrow →keep

buy/catch →have

get up →be up

come →be in

finish →be over

leaver →be away

open →be open

close →be closed

begin →be on

become interested in →be interested in

有人可能会问：一般过去时和现在完成时所表示的动作都发生在过去，那么这两种时态有什么区别呢？

☆答：①一般过去时与具体的表示过去时间状语如：yesterday连用；强调动作在过去发生，与现在无关。

②现在完成时与自已的特征词连用，强调过去发生的动作对现在的影响或过去开始发

生一直持续到现在的动作。

例：He saw the film last night. (过去时，表示他昨晚看过那部电影了，现在不知还要不要再看一次) He has (ever) seen the film before.（现在\完成时，表时他已看过那部电影，现在不想再看了）

巩固练习：

I．按要求转换下列各句，每空一词。

1、He has already finished his homework．（改为否定句）

He _______ finished his homework ________．

2．They have found the lost books already．（改为一般疑问句，并作否定回答）______ they _______ the lost books _______？No，they________．

3．Julia has not got home from school yet．（改为肯定句）

Julia ______ _______ ________ home from school ．

4．You have never been to Shanghai before，_________ _________ ？（改为反意疑问句）

5. He’s gone to Beijing, ______ ______?（改为反意疑问句）

6．Mr Wang began to teach English in this school in 1999．（改为同义句）

Mr Wang _________ _________ English in this school since 1999．

7. He hasn’t left home for 3 days.(同义句)

He _____ ______ ______ home for 3 days.

8. They have lived here since 3 years ago. (对划线提问)

II．选择正确答案。

( )1．—Who is Mary ？

—____？I saw you talking with her at the meeting ．

A．Don't you meet her yet

B．Didn't you met her yet

C．Haven't you met her yet

D．Hadn't you met her yet

( )2．—How do you like Beijing ，Mr Black？

—Oh ，I ____ such a beautiful city ．

A．don't visit

B．didn't visit

C．haven't visited

D．hadn't visited

( )3．The old people ____ lonely at all since we began to visit them once a week．A．don't feel

B．hasn't felt

C．haven't felt

D.didn't feel

( ) 4．We have lived here ____ five years ago．

A．when

B．since

C．before

D．after

一般过去时与现在完成时的用法区别

一般过去时与现在完成时区别专题一、前言：初一下学期同学们学习了一般过去时态的相关知识，即将到来的初二上学期英语学习中，现在完成时是重要的学习内容。本文通过对比一般过去时和现在完成时，对现在完成时进行初步讲解，希望使同学们读新学期的学习有所准备。二、现在完成时 1. 现在完成时的构成现在完成时是由助动词have (has)+动词的过去分词构成。助动词说明该谓语是属于现在时范围。它和主语的人称、数要保持一致。过去分词是主要的谓语动词，说明句子的意义。 2. 现在完成时的用法现在完成时表示过去某时发生的行为对主语目前产生的影响。即用过去发生的某个行为来说明现在的某种情况。 We are good friends.(现在的情况） I knew him in 1997.（过去的动作） We have known each other since 1997. （现在完成时把过去的动作和现在联系起来并着眼于现在）（1）表示动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间，但对现在留下了某种影响和结果。常被just、already、yet 等副词修饰。如： -Have you had lunch yet? -Yes, I have. I've just had it. 你（已经）吃午饭了吗？我刚刚吃过。（现在我不饿了）（2）表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。这个动作可能刚停止，可能仍然在进行。常带有for和since等表示一段时间的状语。如：He has taught here since 1981 他自1981年就在这儿教书。（可能还要继续教） I haven't seen her for four years. 我有四年没见到她了。（3）表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作，现在成为一种经验，一般译为汉语“过”，常带有twice,ever, never,three times等时间状语。如：I have been to Beijing twice.我去过北京二次。 3.现在完成时的时间状语（1）现在完成时属于现在时范围，故不能和过去的时间状语连用。如：yesterday,last Sunday,in1990,three years ago等。但是，在强调动作产生的后果和影响时，可以和一些表示不确定的时间状语连用。 a. 用副词already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中，yet一般用于否定句和疑问句中。如：We have already finished our homework.我们已完成作业了。 They haven't finished their homework yet.他们还没有完成作业。 b.用ever 和never。多用于否定或疑问句中，表示“曾经”或“从未“等。如：-Have you ever been to the Great Wall? 你曾经去过长城吗？ -I have never been to the Great Wall.我从未去过长城。 c.用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语，如just, before, up to now, the past few years等。例如：I have seen her before, but I can not remember where. 我以前见过她，但记不起在哪里见过。

现在完成时练习题

现在完成时练习题一，单选 1 -----What are you to do this Sunday? -----I ______yet. A . won’t decide B .didn’t decide C .haven’t decided D .don’t decide 2 I _____to Canada twice. It’s so beautiful . A .won’t go B .have gone C .don’t go D .have been 3 The life we were used to ______greatly since 1992. A .change B . has changed C .changing D .have changed 4 -----How long has Eliza been a nurse(护士)? -----______ A .Since 2002 B .Four years ago C .In 2002 D .At 2002 5-----How long ____you _____stamps(邮票)? ------Since two years ago . A .have ,collected(收集) B .did ,collect C .have ,been collecting D .are collecting 6 My father _____ on business(出差) for two weeks .He’ll return in three days. A .left B .has left C .has gone D .has been away 7 -----Kitty ,will you go to s ee the film “Cold Mountain”this evening ? ------No, I won’t . I ____ it already . A .saw B . have seen C .see D .will see 8----Scott has already returned to our town -----Really? Where ____ you ____ him ? A . do ,see B .have ,seen C .did ,see D .has ,seen 9 ----How long have you ____China? ------ For three years . A .come back B .return C . left D .been away from

现在完成时练习题及答案(精华版)

现在完成时（1）构成：现在完成时由助动词have + 过去分词构成，助动词have 有人称和数的变化。第三人称单数用has，其余用have. 现在完成时的否定式直接在助动词后面加上not、疑问式是把助动词提到主语之前。以study 为例，其否定 1）现在完成时通常表示在说话之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态。说话人强调的是该动作或状态对现在的结果或影响。 My daughter has just gone out. 我女儿刚出去。I’m sure we’ve met before. 我肯定我们以前见过面。 She has arrived. 她到了。 2）表示持续到现在的动作或状态，往往和包括现在在内的表示一段时间的状语连用，如recently, already, just, lately, for…, since…,yet等。如： I haven’t heard from her these days. 这些日子我没有收到她的信。 We haven’t seen you recently. 最近我们没有见到你。 They have been away for two years. 他们离开已经两年了。 She has been with us since Monday.★注意： 1）since和for的区别 since后接时间点，如1993，last term, yesterday, the time I got there for后接一段时间，表示“长达多久”，如ten years, a while, two days等。 Exercise: 用since和for填空 1. Jim has been in Ireland ______ Monday. 2. Jill has been in Ireland ______ three days. 3. His aunt has lived in Australia ______15 days. 4. Mary is in her office. She has been there ______ 7 o'clock. 5. India has been an independent country ______1974. 6. The bus is late. They've been waiting ______ 20 minutes. 7. Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty ______ many years. 8. Mike has been ill ______a long time. He has been in hospital ______ October. 2）表示短暂意义的动词如arrive, leave, borrow, buy, begin, start, die等，在完成时当中不能和表示一段时间的状语连用，因为它们表示的动作不可能持续。因此，不能说： He has come here for 2 weeks. × The old man has died for 4 months. × They have left only for 5 minutes. × 以上三句话可以改为： He has been here for 2 weeks. The old man has ______ _______ for 4 months. They have _____ _____ only for 5 minutes. 3）have (has) been 和have (has) gone的区别：表示“曾到过某地”要用“have (has) been”; 表示“已经去某地”要用“have (has) gone”。试比较： Where has he been? 他刚才到哪里去了？（已经回来了） Where has he gone? 他上哪儿去了？（人不在） They have been to Canada. 他们到过加拿大。（现在已经不在加拿大） They have gone to Canada. 他们到加拿大去了。（可能在路上和已经到加拿大）. 4）现在完成时不能和表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last year, in 1976, two days ago, just now, when I came in，但可以和already, yet, sometimes, always, often, before, lately, recently, once, twice, ever, never等连用。例如：

现在完成时用法84576

现在完成时(1) 基本结构：肯定句: have/has+过去分词(done)+其他否定句：have+not/haven’t +过去分词(done) +其他 has+not/ hasn’t+过去分词(done) +其他一般疑问句及回答：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他 Yes, 主语+have/has.(肯定) No, 主语+haven't/hasn't.(否定) 一、表示在过去不确定的时间里发生的对现在造成影响的动作或结果。 I have already spent all of my money.(含义是:现在我没有钱花了) Guo zijun has just come. (含义：郭子君现在在这儿) My father has gone to work.(含义是:我爸爸现在不在这儿) 过去分词 1 、规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。四点变化规则： (1)、一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed ”。 work---worked---worked ,visit---visited---visited (2)、以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ”。 live---lived---lived , (3)、以“辅音字母+ y ”结尾的动词，将 "y" 变为 "i" ，再加“ ed ”。 study---studied---studied ,cry---cried---cried (4)、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ ed ”。 stop---stopped---stopped , drop---dropped--dropped 2、不规则动词： do---did---done go---went---gone come---came---come have---had---had see---saw---seen be---was/were---been

现在完成时练习题及答案转载

转载现在完成时练习题及答案一、翻译下列句子：你曾经吃过鱼和薯条吗？ 2. 我刚刚丢了我的化学书。 3. 我以前从来没去过那个农场。 4. 他已经吃过午饭 5. 你已经看过这部电影了吗？ 6. 我哥哥还没回来。 7.这本字典我已买了三年了。8.他离开中国三年了。 9.我认识他们五年了。 10.他们已去了美国五年了。 11.自从他搬到济宁，他就住这儿了。 12.我妹妹成为一个大学生已经三年。 13.自从1999年以来他们就认识。 14.我来到这个学校已3年多了。二、用since和for填空 1.______two years 2.____two years ago 3.___last month 4.______ 1999 5._______yesterday 6._______ 4 o’clock 7 4 hours 8._____an hour ago 9.___we were children 10._____ lunch time 11.____ she left here 12. He has lived in Nanjing ___ the year before last. 13. I’ve known him ______ we were children. 14. Our teacher has studied Japanese ______ three years. 15. She has been away from the city ______ about ten years. 16. It’s about ten years __________ she left the city. 三、结束性动词转换为以下延续性动词或者表示可以延续的状态的短语。 ① arrive at / in sp / get to / reach sp / come / go / move to sp → be in sp / at school / at home / on the farm / be here / be there 1) He got to Beijing five minutes ago.He Beijing for . 2) I moved to the USA in 2008. I the USA since . 3) I went home yesterday. I home for . 4) They came here last week. They ___________ here since _____________. ②come to / go back to / return to→ be back to go out → be out 1) He came out two years ago.He ______________ for ____________. 2) We return to Beijing yesterday.We ___ ____________ to Beijing since __________. ③become → be 1) I became a teacher in 2000. I ________________ a teacher for _________________. 2) The river became dirty last year. The river _______ _______ dirty for _______ ________. ④close → be closed open → be open 1) The shop closed two hours ago. The shop _______________ ______ for _________________. 2) The door opened at six in the morning.The door ________ ________ ________ for six hours. ⑤ get up → be up；die → be dead；leave sp. → be away from sp. fall asleep / get tot sleep → be asleep；finish / end → be over；marry → be married； 1) I got up two hours ago.I ________ ______ _______since _______________. 2) He left Shanghai just now.He _______ _____________ ______ Shanghai for five minutes.

(完整版)现在完成时基础练习

现在完成时入门专项练习一、给出下列动词的过去分词： 1. be _______ 2. has _______ 3. ask _______ 4. do ______ 5. write ________ 6. stop ______ 7. study ______ 8. begin ______ 9. cut _____ 10. cry ________ 11. say ______ 12. read ______ 13. teach _______ 14. buy _____ 15. die ________ 16. lie ______ 17. lay _______ 18. go _______ 19. make ____ 20. hit ________ 二、变换句子： 1．He has studied English for 4 years. 变否定句：_______________________________________________________ 变疑问句：_______________________________________________________ 肯定回答：___________________ 否定回答：_________________________ 2. We have planted 30 young trees this morning. 变否定句：_______________________________________________________ 变疑问句：_______________________________________________________ 肯定回答：___________________ 否定回答：_________________________ 3. Her brother has learned many songs. 变否定句：_______________________________________________________ 变疑问句：_______________________________________________________ 肯定回答：___________________ 否定回答：_________________________ 4. You have known the answer to the question. 变否定句：_______________________________________________________ 变疑问句：_______________________________________________________ 肯定回答：___________________ 否定回答：_________________________ 5. His mother has bought him a new pen. 变否定句：_______________________________________________________ 变疑问句：_______________________________________________________ 肯定回答：___________________ 否定回答：________________________ 三、A.用already或yet 1) Have they taken down the old pictures ______? No, not ___________. 2) Most of us have finished our compositions ________ 3) He said he hadn’t visited the exhibition ________. B.用since或for 1) We have learned five lessons _____ the beginning of this term. 2) Mrs Liao has been in hospital ______ last week. two weeks. 3) I have stayed at my aunt’s _____ 4) Jill has been in Ireland _______Monday. 5) Jill has been in Ireland _______ three days. 6) My aunt has lived in Australia_________15 days. 1

现在完成时的用法

现在完成时的用法一、概念现在完成时主要强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，或过去发生的动作还未结束，一直持续到现在或将来，重点在于对现在的影响。二、理解：现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，其结果的确和现在有联系。动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在；也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。四、基本用法： 1.已完成用法(影响性用法)。该用法的现在完成时表示一个过去发生的动作在过去已经完成，并且这个过去发生并完成的动作对现在有影响或结果，同时说话强调的或感兴趣的就是这个影响或结果。如：

He has left the city. 他已离开这个城市。(结果。如：他不在这个城市) Someone has broken the window. 有人把窗户打破了。(结果。如：窗户仍破着) Have you seen my bag? 你看到我的手提包了吗?(结果。如：你知道它在哪里吗?) I have bought two apples．我买了两个苹果。（“买”这一动作发生在过去，对现在造成的结果是：拥有两个苹果。）【注】现在完成时“完成用法”的特点是动作不延续，因此，该时态只能与表示不定的过去时间状语(如：already，just, yet，before，recently等)、频度时间状语(如：never，ever，once等)、包括现在时刻在内的时间状语(如：this morning/month /year..., today等)连用。already，just多用于肯定句中，ever，yet，never多用于疑问句和否定句中。如：I have already finished my homework．我已经做完家庭作业了。 He has just had his meal．他刚吃过饭。 Have you ever sung this English song？你曾唱过这首英文歌吗？ They haven't started yet．他们还没有动身。 We have never heard of it．我们从来没有听说过这件事。 2．未完成用法(持续性用法)。如：该用法的现在完成时表示一个过去发生的动作并未在过去完成，而是一直持续到现在，并且有可能继续下去(也可能到此结束)。此种用法的句中常需一个表示一段时间的状语(由since或for引导)，或表示与现在时刻相连的时间状语(如：up to now，so far到目前为止)等。如： He has lived here since 1971. 自从1971年以来，他一直住在这儿。 (动作起始于1971年，一直住到现在，可能还要继续住下去。) We have been in the army for more than 5 years. 我们在部队已经呆了五年多了。 (动作开始于5年前，一直延续至今，有可能还要继续下去。) Have you waited long? 你等了很久吗？ We have been busy this afternoon. 今天下午我们一直很忙。 The temperature has stayed hot this week. 这星期天气一直很热。

现在完成时阅读训练2

现在完成时阅读训练（二） Have you seen my dictionary? Tom--- T, Lucy--- T Jim---- J T: Hello, Lucy! I’ve lost my dictionary. Have you seen it anywhere? L: Sorry, I haven’t. Why don’t you ask Jim？Perhaps he’s seen it. T: Thanks, I will. L: Oh, there he is! T: Jim, have you seen my dictionary? J: Yes, I have. I saw it on Lin Tao’s desk five minutes ago. It must still be there. T: Thanks a lot. J: You’re welcome. Change these sentences 1.I’ve lost my dictionary.(变成否定句) I ____________ ___________ my dictionary. 2.Have you seen it anywhere?(变成肯定句) I _____________________ it ____________. 3.Why don’t you ask Jim？(变成同义句) Why __________ ____________ask Jim? 4.Have you seen my dictionary?(做否定和肯定回答) 5.I saw it on Lin Tao’s desk five minutes ago.(划线提问) 6.You’re welcome. (变成同义句) ______ ______ _______. What’s the surfing like today? Ted----- T, Bruce---- B T: Hi, Bruce! What’s the surfing like today? B: The waves are great. They’re much better than yesterday. T: How long have you been here in Sydney？ B: Since last Wednesday. I arrived two days before you. T: I know you’ve come to see your father. How is he? B: He’s fine, but busy. My uncle is also working here. H e’s a very good surfer. T: You’ve learnt surfing from him, haven’t you? B: That’s right. Have you ever been to Hawaii? T: Never. Why? B: The beaches there are better than the ones here. The waves are the highest in the world. T: Really? Oh, look at that man, he’s super. B: That’s my uncle. Would you like to have a try? T: Yes, very much. It looks exciting, but I don’t know how to surf B: Don’t be afraid. I’ll show you how to do it. Ⅰ.Fill these blanks 1.What’s the surfing ____________today? 2.. They’re ___________better than yesterday.

现在完成时的构成和用法教学提纲

现在完成时的构成和用法 I．现在完成时 1.概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。 2.时间状语：yet,already,just,never,ever,so far,by now,since+时间点，for+时间段， recently, lately, in the past few years, etc. 3.基本结构：主语+have/has +p.p（过去分词）+其他 4.否定形式：主语+have/has + not +p.p（过去分词）+其他 5.一般疑问句：have或has。 6.例句：I've written an article. The countryside has changed a lot in the past few years. II．现在完成时 1. 现在完成时的构成：助动词have/has + 过去分词 2. 现在完成时的主要用法 ⑴表示从过去某一时刻开始并一直延续到现在的动作或事情,但动作或事情现在已经结束。 Someone has just turned off the light. 有人刚把灯关了。 I have already finished my homework. 我已经完成了家庭作业。 ⑵表示从过去某一时刻开始并一直延续到现在的动作或事情,但动作或事情可能仍在继续。 I want to see how much the place changed since I saw it last. 我想看看从上次见到那地方以来它发生了多大变化。 I have learnt English for more than ten years. 我已经学了10多年的英语。 ⑶表示人曾有过或到目前为止从未有过的经历. Have you ever been to the Summer Palace? 你曾去过颐和园吗? I have never had a car. 我从未有过汽车。 ⑷现在完成时还常与句型This is the first time…，It’s the first time …连用。 This is the first time he has driven a car. 这是他第一次开车。 ⑸现在完成时和最高级连用表示到现在为止是最…的。 It’s the most boring film I’ve ever seen.这是我看过的最令人厌烦的电影。 3. 现在完成时的时间状语 ⑴常与不确定的时间状语连用，如:already, never, ever, just, yet, before, up to now, so far, for the last few weeks等,表示“到目前为止”所发生的动作. ⑵还可以和包括现在在内(到说话时仍未结束)的,表示一段时间的状语连用，如:now, today, this morning (afternoon, evening, week, month, year), these days, since, for a long time等. ⑶since短语或从句表示过去的动作延续至今，since之后的时间为一点。 Mr. Smith has worked here since 1984. 1984年以来，史密斯先生一直在这工作。

(完整版)现在完成时练习题

一、现在完成时的结构 _____________________________________________________ （补充现在完成时常用的时间状语） _____________________________________________________ 二、去过某地（指回来了） ___________________________________________________________ 三、去了某地（指还没回来） ___________________________________________________________ 翻译句子。1. 我曾去过北京两次。 _________________________________________________________ 2. ——Tom 呢？——他去北京了？ __________________________________________________________ 3. ——我没去过游乐园。——我也没。 __________________________________________________________ 单选： 1．I_______ a letter from him since he left． A．didn't receive B．haven't got C．didn't have D．haven't heard 2．—Where have you _______ these days？—I have _____ to Dazhu with my friends．A．been；gone B．been；been C．gone；been D．gone；gone 3．How long have you _______ this book？ A．bought B．borrowed C．had D．lent 4．—Where's Peter？—He _______ to Nanjing． A．is going B．has been C．has gone D．went 5．You've never seen such a wonderful film before，_______ ？ A．haven't you B．have you C．do you D．don't you 6．We have lived here _______ five years ago． A．when B．since C．before D．after 7．—I have watched the game．—When you _______ it？ A．have；watched B．do；watch C．did；watch D．will；watch 8．—How do you like Beijing，Mr Black？—Oh，I _______ such a beautiful city． A．don't visit B．didn't visit C．haven't visited D．hadn't visited 9．The old people _______ lonely at all since we began to visit them once a week． A．don't feel B．hasn't felt C．haven't felt D．didn't feel 10．My grandfather________in the small town all his life．He always says he likes the town．A．lived B．have lived C．has lived D．is living 11．Miss Brown _______ to the Great Wall twice． A．have been B．has been C．have gone D．has gone 12．His brother has been to Stone Forest twice _______ he came to Yunnan． A．after B．before C．since D．for 13．His grandpa _______ for two years． A．was died B．has been dead C．was dead D．has died 14．His sister _______ her hometown for three years．She'll return next year． A．left B．has left C．has been away D．has been away from

现在完成时趣味讲解

现在完成时趣味讲解现在完成时的含义可与现在完成时态相连用的常见时间状语瞬间动词在现在完成时态中的用法现在完成时的含义在当今常见的语法书中对现在完成时的定义大多是：现在完成时是指过去发生的至今已经完成或还在继续的动作。在笔者2011年于《海外英语》中发表的《have + -en的构式研究》中曾指出这一说法的稍欠妥之处。因为过去发生的“已经完成”或“未完成”容易让学生产生疑惑：究竟是不是完成时？笔者认为易仲良教授提出的“式态”的说法以及马承老师提出的“现在完成时表示过去已经发生而与现在情况有关系的动作”这一说法更能让学生理解。事实上，我在初中的教学过程当中也是这样跟学生讲解的，学生们能够较好的理解这一说法，并能自然地将现在完成时与一般过去时区分开来。常与现在完成时相连的时间状语在初中阶段，多数考查现在完成时的句子当中都有较为明显的时间状语标志词，比如以下的这些句子（均摘录自人教版教材）： Have you read Treasure Island yet? I’ve already read it. Have you ever been to a museum?

I’ve never been to a science museum. I’ve had this bike for three years. 如果在实际的教学过程当中孤立地让学生记忆这些时间状语标志，无疑会给学生增大学习难度。为了能够提高学生的学习兴趣，我认为可以通过口诀韵律的方式让学生较快地掌握：以前（before）从来不（never）出现，最近（recently）曾经（ever）一两遍（once/twice/many times…）, 自从（since+时间点）刚刚（just）for一段（for+一段），至今（so far/up to now）已经（already/yet）很明显。在实际的教学过程当中，教师可有意识地讲述两个“已经”(already/yet)及（since/for）的区别着重分章节讲解，让学生在有了整体概念的基础上对各个考点进行突破。瞬间动词在现在完成时中的用法在人教版的课本附录的语法讲解中，我们可以看到：“某些动词的现在完成时可表示过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在（包括”现在“在内）的动作或状态，可以和表示延续的时间状语连用。表示持续动作或状态的动词多是延续性动词”。如： I have known Bob for three years. They have lived here since 1996. She has taught us since I came to this school. 但在实际的语言运用过程当中，有很多的非延续性动词也有需要用于“过去已经发生对现在有影响”这一时态用法中，比如“我买这台自

现在完成时练习题及答案

一、时态讲解：现在完成时（1）构成：现在完成时由助动词have + 过去分词构成，助动词have 有人称和数的变化。第三人称单数用has，其余用have. 现在完成时的否定式直接在助动词后面加上not、疑问式是把助动词提到主语之前。以study 为例，其否定式、疑问式和简单回答形式如下： 1）现在完成时通常表示在说话之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态。说话人强调的是该动作或状态对现在的结果或影响。 My daughter has just gone out. 我女儿刚出去。 I’m sure we’ve met before. 我肯定我们以前见过面。 She has arrived. 她到了。 2）表示持续到现在的动作或状态，往往和包括现在在内的表示一段时间的状语连用，如recently, already, just, lately, fo r…, since…,yet等。如： I haven’t heard from her these days. 这些日子我没有收到她的信。 We haven’t seen you recently. 最近我们没有见到你。 They have been away for two years. 他们离开已经两年了。 She has been with us since Monday. ★注意： a)since和for的区别 since后接时间点，如1993，last term, yesterday, the time I got there for后接一段时间，表示“长达多久”，如ten years, a while, two days等。 Exercise: 用since和for填空 1. Jim has been in Ireland ______ Monday. 2. Jill has been in Ireland ______ three days. 3. His aunt has lived in Australia ______15 days. 4. Mary is in her office. She has been there ______ 7 o'clock. 5. India has been an independent country ______1974. 6. The bus is late. They've been waiting ______ 20 minutes. 7. Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty ______ many years. 8. Mike has been ill ______a long time. He has been in hospital ______ October. 1. since 2. for 3. for 4. since 5. since 6. for 7. for 8. since 2）表示短暂意义的动词如arrive, leave, borrow, buy, begin, start, die等，在完成时当中不能和表示一段时间的状语连用，因为它们表示的动作不可能持续。因此，不能说：