长难句分析-托福

长难句分析-托福

1.Totally without light and subjected to intense pressures hundreds of times greater than at the Earth’s surface，the deep—ocean bottom is a

hostile environment to humans，in some ways as forbidding and remote as the void of outer space(

(定语后置in s ome ways…)

由于完全没有光，而且承受着比在地球表面大数百倍的极大压力，深海底部对人

类而言是一个充满敌意的环境，在某些方面就像外层空间一样险恶和遥远。

分句1:Totally without light and subjected to intense pressures 分句2:hundreds of times greater than at the Earth’s surface

分句3:the deep—ocean bottom is a hostile environment to humans 分句4:in some ways as forbidding and remote as the void of outer space分句2修饰分句1结尾的短语intense pressures，

分句1是分句3的原因状语

分句3是整个长句子的主句

分句4是分句3的后置定语，修饰分句3的a hostile environment to humans

整个句子结构是:

原因状语+主句+后置定语

这是主句前后分别有状语和定语的修饰成分，但是本句其实不是复合句。句子的

核心意思是深海对于人类而言是一个充满敌意的环境。

2.Basic to any understanding of Canada in the 20 years after the Second World War is the country's impressive population growth( (倒装结构Basic to any understanding…is…)

要理解二战之后20年中的加拿大，就必须了解该国惊人的人口增长。分句1: Basic to any understanding of Canada in the 20 years after the Second World War

分句2:is

分句3:the country's impressive population growth

分句1，2，3共同构成倒装句，正常的语序应该是3，2，1，即:该句的正常语序是The country's impressive population growth is basic to any understanding of Canada in the 20 years after the Second World War( 本句是一个简单句，只不过使用了倒装，谓语动词是is.

3.As a result，claims that eating a diet consisting entirely of organically grown foods prevents or cures disease or provides other benefits to health have become widely publicized and form the basis for folklore(

(同位语从句claims that…)

结果，那些认为只食用绿色食品就能防治疾病或增进健康的观点广为人知，并成

为一些民间说法的基础。

分句1: that eating a diet consisting entirely of organically grown foods prevents or cures disease or provides other benefits to health 分

句2:claims have become widely publicized and form the basis for folklore

分句2嵌套分句1，分句1作为分句2主语的同位语从句嵌套在分句2中。因此

本句的主句是claims have become widely publicized and form the basis for folklore. 那些观点广为人知，并成为一些民间说法的基础。同位语从句是that

eating a diet consisting entirely of organically grown foods prevents or cures disease or provides other benefits to health:只食用绿色食品就能

防治疾病或增进健康

4.There are numerous unsubstantiated reports that natural vitamins are superior to synthetic ones，that fertilized eggs are nutritionally superior to unfertilized eggs，that untreated grains are better than fumigated grains and the like(

(并列同位语从句reports that…，that…，that…)

关于天然维生素优于人造维生素，受精蛋比未受精蛋的营养价值更高，未经熏蒸

消毒处理的谷物比经过处理的好等等报道屡见不鲜，但都没有得到证实。

分句1:There are numerous unsubstantiated reports

分句2:natural vitamins are superior to synthetic ones

分句3:that fertilized eggs are nutritionally superior to

unfertilized eggs

分句4:that untreated grains are better than fumigated grains and the like

分句1是整个长句的主句，分句2、分句3和分句4是并列关系，共同构成分句

1的同位语从句。本句的意思是有很多没有经过证实的报道，然后并列了三个未

经过证实的报道的从句。

5?The desperate plight of the South has eclipsed the fact that reconstruction had to be undertaken also in the North，though less spectacularly(

(同位语从句fact that…)

南方极为严重的困境使北方同样需要开始重建(尽管不像南方那么引人注目)这一事实显得不太重要。

分句1. The desperate plight of the South has eclipsed the fact 分句2. reconstruction had to be undertaken also in the North 分句3.though less spectacularly (省略)

1和2嵌套，1和3并列

6?The new accessibility of land around the periphery of almost every major city sparked an explosion of real estate development and fueled what we now know as urban sprawl(

(宾语从句what we now know as)

现在可以获得这些环绕几乎每个大城市边缘地区的土地，这一可能性激发了一场

房地产开发的热潮并造成了我们现在称为城区无计划扩展的现象。分句1:The

new accessibility of land around the periphery of almost every major city sparked an explosion of real estate development and fueled 分句

2:what we now know as urban sprawl

分句1嵌套分句2，即分句1是主句，分句2是宾语从句，主句结构经过精简应

该是The new accessibility of land sparked an explosion of real estate development and fueled urban sprawl。

本句的理解困难还来自于抽象词fuel，它作为名词的含义广为人知，是能源、燃料，作为动词的时候的意思就可以引申为促使、造成。

7.But these factors do not account for the interesting question of how there came to be such a concentration of pregnant ichthyosaurs in a particular place very close to their time of giving birth( (Of结构作定语:of how there came to be such a concentration of pregnant ichthyosaurs…)

但这些因素并不能解释这个有趣的问题:为何在一个特定的地点会如此集中地出

现即将临产的怀孕鱼龙群。

分句1:But these factors do not account for the interesting question 分句2:of how there came to be such a concentration of pregnant ichthyosaurs in a particular place very close to their time of giving birth 分句1嵌套分句2.分句2是Of结构作后置定语修饰说明question的内容。

8. Amid rumors that there were prehistoric mammoths wandering around the unknown region and that somewhere in its wilds was a mountain of rock salt 80 by 45 miles in extent，the two captains set out( (同位语从句rumors that…)

当时有一些传言，说有史前的猛犸在这一陌生的区域活动，而且在这一区域的某

个地方有一座巨大的盐石山，其面积达80英里长50英里宽。就在这些传言中，

两位上尉出发了。

分句1:Amid rumors

分句2:that there were prehistoric mammoths wandering around the unknown region

分句3:and that somewhere in its wilds was a mountain of rock salt 80 by 45 miles in extent

分句4:the two captains set out

分句1和分句4构成倒装，正常的语序应该是分句4+分句1，即the two captains

set out Amid rumors。分句1嵌套分句2和分句3，分句2和分句3是修饰分句1的rumors的同位语从句，用来说明谣言的具体内容。分句2和分句3构

成

并列关系。

9. In the seventeenth century the organ, the clavichord，and the

harpsichord became the chief instruments of the keyboard group，a

supremacy they maintained until the piano supplanted them at the end of the eighteenth century(

(同位语a supremacy)

17世纪时风琴、敲弦琴和拨弦琴成为键盘乐器类的主要成员，这种至高无上的地位一直由它们保持，直到18世纪末被钢琴所取代。分句1:In the seventeenth

century the organ, the clavichord，and the harpsichord became the chief instruments of the keyboard group，

分句2:a supremacy they maintained until the piano supplanted them at the end of the eighteenth century

分句2是分句1的同位语从句，用来修饰说明分句1中的the chief instruments

of the keyboard group

10(A series of mechanical improvements continuing well into the nineteenth century, including the introduction of pedals to sustain tone or to soften it, the perfection of a metal frame and steel wire of the finest quality，finally produced an instrument capable of myriad tonal effects from the most delicate harmonies to an almost orchestral

fullness of sound，from a liquid，singing tone to a sharp, percussive brilliance(

(介词结构from…to…作定语)

持续到19世纪的一系列机械上的改进，包括引入踏板以维持音调或使其柔

和，

改善金属框架，以及使用最佳牲能的钢丝，最终产生了一种具备无数音调效果的

乐器——这些效果涵盖了从最精致的和声到几乎全部的管弦乐音响，从明快流畅

的吟唱音调到尖锐的打击乐器的恢弘气氛。

分句1:A series of mechanical improvements continuing well into the nineteenth century

分句2:including the introduction of pedals to sustain tone or to soften it

分句3:the perfection of a metal frame and steel wire of the finest quality 分句4:finally produced an instrument capable of myriad tonal effects

:from the most delicate harmonies to an almost orchestral fullness 分句5

of sound，

分句6:from a liquid，singing tone to a sharp, percussive brilliance 本句的真正的主句结构其实是由分句1和分句4构成，即A series of mechanical

improvements continuing well into the nineteenth century finally produced an instrument capable of myriad tonal effects，，分句2和分句3并列修

饰说明分句1中的A series of mechanical improvements，而分句5和分句6

并列，修饰说明了分句4中的an instrument capable of myriad tonal effects 11(The largest later named Pueblo Bonito(Pretty Town)by the Spanish, rose in five terraced stories，contained more than 800 rooms，and could have

housed a population of 1，000 or more(

最大的一座后来被西班牙人称为Pueblo Bonito(美丽的城镇)，是一个五层梯

式

楼，有800多间房子，能够容纳1 000人以上。

分句1:The largest rose in five terraced stories，contained more than 800 rooms，and could have housed a population of 1，000 or more

分句2:later named Pueblo Bonito(Pretty Town)by the Spanish 分句1嵌

套分句2，分句2用来修饰分句1的主语the largest,分句1内部是由三个并列的谓语构成的句子。

12(Accustomed though we are to speaking of the films made before

1927 as “silent”，the film has never been，in the full sense of the word,

silent(

(倒装accustomed though we are…=though we are accustomed…)

虽然我们习惯于将1927年以前的电影叫做“无声电影”，但是就“无声’’

这

个词的完整意义上说，电影从未真正的无声过。

分句1:Accustomed though we are to speaking of the films made before 1927 as “silent”

分句2:the film has never been silent

分句3:in the full sense of the word

本句的难点是在分句1内部有一个倒装，正常的语序应该是though we are accustomed to speaking of the films made before 1927 as silent.分句3 是一个插入语，嵌套在分句2中，所以本句的真正强调的核心是the film has never been silent。

13.For a number of years the selection of music for each film

program rested entirely in the hands of the conductor or leader of the orchestra，

and very often the principal qualification far holding such a

position was not skill or taste so much as the ownership of a large personal library of musical pieces(

(特殊结构not…SO much as…——与其说…不如说…)

在好些年内，为各部影片选择配乐的权力完全掌握在乐队指挥或队长手中，而

通

常担任这种职位的资格与其说是技巧或鉴赏品位，不如说是个人拥有音乐作品

的

丰富收藏。

分句1:.For a number of years the selection of music for each film program rested entirely in the hands of the conductor or leader of the orchestra

and very often the principal qualification far holding such a 分句2: position was not skill or taste so much as the ownership of a large personal library of musical pieces

分句1 和分句2构成并列关系，分句2的难点在于not…… so much as的结构。

14?Coincident with concerns about the accelerating loss of species and habitats has been a growing appreciation of the importance of biological diversity，the number of species in a particular ecosystem，to the health

of the Earth and human well-being(

(倒装coincident with concerns…has been…=…has been coincident with concerns…)

在对物种和动物栖息地加速消失表示关注的同时，人们也越来越认识到生物多样

化，即一个特定生态系统中物种的数量对地球的健康以及人类幸福的重要性。分

句1:Coincident with concerns about the accelerating loss of species and habitats has been a growing appreciation of the importance of biological diversity

分句2:the number of species in a particular ecosystem

分句3:to the health of the Earth and human well-being

分句1内部构成倒装，正常语序应该是concerns about the accelerating loss

of species and habitats has been coincident with a growing appreciation of the importance of biological diversity to the health of the Earth and human well-being所以真正的主句经过精简之后是concerns has been

coincident with a growing appreciation

分句2是一个插入语，用来解释说明分句1结尾的biological diversity

15.The fact that half of the known species are thought to inhabit

the world's rain forests does not seem surprising，considering the huge numbers of insects that comprise the bulk of the species(

(同位语从句fact that…;定语从句that comprise the bulk…)

考虑到组成大部分物种的昆虫的巨大数量，认为半数的已知物种栖息在世界的雨

林中这一事实看起来并不令人吃惊。

分句1:The fact does not seem surprising

分句2:that half of the known species are thought to inhabit the world's rain forests

分句3:considering the huge numbers of insects

分句4:that comprise the bulk of the species

分句1嵌套分句2，分句2解释说明分句1的主语the fact,是同位语从句，

分

句3作为分句1的原因状语，分句4是定语从句，修饰分句3的the huge numbers

of insects

16.To appreciate fully the diversity and abundance of life in the sea，

it helps to think small(

(特殊结构it helps to…做…有帮助)

要充分认识海洋生命的多样性和丰富性，从小的角度思考有帮助。

目的状语:To appreciate fully the diversity and abundance of life in the sea,

it helps to think small((这里的it是形式主语，没有实际意义) 主句:

1 7.Science is built with facts just as a house is built with bricks，

but a collection of facts cannot be called science any more than a pile of bricks can be called a house(

(特殊结构not any more than像…一样不…)

科学建立在事实上，就像房子用砖砌成一样。但收集的事实不能被叫做科学，就

像一堆砖不能被称为房子一样。

分句1. Science is built with facts just as a house is built with bricks, 分句2. but a collection of facts cannot be called science any more than a pile of bricks can be called a house.

1和2是并列分句 (转折关系)

18.The variation between the hemispheres corresponds to which side of the body is used to perform specific activities(

(从句which side…is used…作corresponds to的宾语

两个半球之间的不同与身体的哪一部分用于进行特定的活动是对应的。

分句1. The variation between the hemispheres corresponds to 分句2. which side of the body is used to perform specific activities( 1和2是嵌套

1是主句，2做主句的宾语

19.In a period characterized by the abandonment of so much of the realistic tradition by authors such as John Barth，Donald Barthelme，and Thomas

Pynchon, Joyce Carol Oates has seemed at times determinedly old-fashioned in her insistence OD the essentially mimetic quality of her fiction(

(特殊结构characterized by…——以…为特征)

尽管处于一个以抛弃大量现实主义传统(以作家约翰?巴思、唐纳德?巴塞尔姆和托马斯(品钦为代表)为特征的时代，乔伊斯?卡罗尔?欧茨因为坚持自己小说本质上模仿的特点，有时候看起来是一个坚定的守旧派。

分句1. characterized by the abandonment of so much of the realistic tradition by authors such as John Barth，Donald Barthelme，and Thomas Pynchon,

分句2. Joyce Carol Oates has seemed at times determinedly old-fashioned in her insistence OD the essentially mimetic quality of her fiction(

分句1 做时间状语“In a period”的后置定语，补充修饰period，相当于省略

了“which was”的定语从句

分句2 是主句

20(If it were not for this faculty，they would devour all the food available in short time and would probably starve themselves out of existence(

(虚拟语气)

如果不是具有这种能力，它们就会在短时间内吞掉所有能得到的食物，而且很

可

能会因饿死而灭绝。

分句1. If it were not for this faculty

分句2. they would devour all the food available in short time 分句3. would probably starve themselves out of existence 分句1 是虚拟句的条件

从句

、3是并列，主句分句2

21(Individualism is weakly developed in folk cultures，as are social classes(

(倒装as are social classes) ’

个人主义和社会阶层在民间文化群体中的发展十分薄弱。

分句1. Individualism is weakly developed in folk cultures

分句2. as are social classes

1和2并列， 2 采用倒装语序，as表示“也，和… 一样”

22(People in the United States in the nineteenth century were

haunted by the prospect that unprecedented change in the nation's economy would bring social chaos(

(同位语从句prospect that…)

19世纪的美国人因为害怕国家经济中史无前例的变化会带来社会混乱这一前景

而提心吊

胆。

分句1. People in the United States in the nineteenth century were haunted by the prospect 分句2. unprecedented change in the nation's economy would bring social chaos(

1和2 嵌套，

1是主句， 2 具体解释说明 prospect

23(Accompanying that growth was a structural change that featured increasing economic diversification and a gradual shift in the nation's labor force from agriculture to manufacturing and

other nonagricultural pursuits(

(倒装Accompanying that growth was a structural change that…=A structural change…was accompanying that growth)

伴随着这一增长的是一个结构变化，它以经济的不断多样化和国家劳动力从农业到制造业和

其他非农业职业的逐渐转化为特征。

分句1. Accompanying that growth was a structural change

分句2. featured increasing economic diversification and a gradual shift in the nation's labor force

from agriculture to manufacturing and other nonagricultural pursuits 1和2是嵌套

分句1是主句，且采用完全倒装的形式

分句2 是定语从句，修饰change. 这个定语从句结构较复杂，由2个and连

接三个并列的

名词性成分

24(As the roles men and women played in society became more rigidly defined, so did the roles

they played in the home(

(倒装so did…)

随着男人和女人在社会中扮演的角色被限定得更加严格，他们在家中的角色也是如此。

分句1. the roles became more rigidly defined 分句2. men and women played in society

分句3. so did the roles

分句4. they played in the home(

1和2嵌套， 3和4嵌套

1和3并列

2和4分别作为定语从句修饰 roles

3是由so引导的部分倒装句

25.Surrounding the column are three sepals and three petals，sometimes easily recognizable as such，often distorted into gorgeous，weird，but always functional shapes(

(倒装Sur rounding the column are…)

围绕着蕊柱的是三个萼片和三个花瓣，有时很容易辨认出来，但经常被扭成华丽、奇特但总

是有用的形状。

分句1. Surrounding the column are three sepals and three petals 分句2. sometimes easily recognizable as such，often distorted into gorgeous，weird，but always

functional shapes(

1是主句，采用完全倒装

26(With the growing prosperity brought on by the Second World War and the economic boom that

followed it，young people married and established households earlier and began to raise larger

families than had their predecessors during the Depression(

(倒装than had their predecessors—比较结构的第二部分)

随着二战带来的持续繁荣以及随之而来的经济增长，年轻人比大萧条中的同龄人结婚成家更

早，而且养育的家庭比他们的前辈更大。

分句1. the growing prosperity brought on by the Second World War 分

句2. the economic boom that followed it

分句3. young people married and established households earlier 分句4. began to raise larger families than had their predecessors during the Depression(

1和2并列，3和4并列

1和2 是伴随状语

3和4是主句

27(The railroad could be and was a despoiler of nature;furthermore，in its manifestation of speed and noise，it might be a despoiler of human nature as well(

(关联结构could be and was)

铁路可以，事实上也是自然的掠夺者;而且，在其速度和噪音的表现上也可能是人性的掠夺

者。

分句1. The railroad could be and was a despoiler of nature 分句2. it might be a despoiler of human nature as well(

1和2 是并列 (由分号连接的两个并列分句)

28(In the railroads' prime years，between 1 890 and 1920，there were a few individuals in the United States，most of them with solid railroading experience behind them，who made a profession of writing about railroading--works offering the ambience of stations，yards，and locomotive cabs(

(同位语most of them;定语从句who made a profession of writing) 在1890年到1920年间铁路的黄金时期，美国有几个人(他们大多有丰富的铁路经验)以写铁

路题材为职业——作品围绕车站、停车场和机车。

分句1. there were a few individuals in the United States 分句2. most of them with solid railroading experience behind them 分句3. who made a profession of writing about railroading 分句4. works offering the ambience of stations，yards，and locomotive cabs(

1是主句

2和3是嵌套

2作为1中a few individuals 的同位语，对它进一步解释说明

29(On the other hand，when it comes to substantive--particularly behavioral-information，crows

are less well known than many comparably common species and，for

that matter，not a few quite uncommon ones:the endangered California condor，to cite one obvious example(

(特殊结构for that matter)

另一方面，当涉及实质性的，特别是行为方面的信息时，乌鸦就不如许多比较而言很普通的

鸟类那样为人所知;而且，也不如许多很不寻常的鸟类，举一个明显的例子，

如像濒危的加

利福尼亚大秃鹫那样为人所知。

分句1. when it comes to substantive--particularly behavioral-information

分句2. crows are less well known than many comparably common species and, for that matter，

not a few quite uncommon ones:the endangered California condor，to cite one obvious example(

1和2是并列，分句1是时间状语， 2是主句，其中包含插入语结构以及冒号连接的解释

说明的成分

30(Keen observers and quick learners，they are astute about the intentions of other creatures，

including researchers，and adept at avoiding them(

(并列同位语keen observers and quick learners)

乌鸦是敏锐的观察家和快捷的学习者，它们对其他生物(包括研究人员)的意图感觉非常敏

2020年托福阅读长难句100句：后置定语从句.doc

2020 年托福阅读长难句100 句：后置定语从句 我们知道 一个句子的主干 ( 主谓宾 ) 相当于它的骨架，识别了主干相当于抓住 了句子的主要信息 ; 而句子的其他修饰、说明及补充的部分 ( 定状补同等 ) 则相当于句子的血肉，血肉中往往包含了大量的附加信息。很多时候这些附加的信息对整句的理解起着辅助、增强甚至不可或缺的作用。 教学中作者发现下面这个句子常常困扰一些语法功底不错的考生： The physicist rightly dreads preciseargument, since an argument that is convincing only if it is precise loses all its force if theassumptions on which it is based are slightly changed, whereas an argument thatis convincing though imprecise may well be stable under small perturbations ofits underlying assumptions. 本句 since 之前的部分含有标准的 S(The physicist)+V(dreads)+O(argument) 结构，而 since 之后明显应该是原因 状语 ( 从句 ) 的部分，所以句首的 SVO就是整句的主句。下面我们来仔 细分析 since 后面的部分： 第一行末尾的 that 紧跟 an argument 之后，显然做 an argument 的后置定语从句。 that is convincing 是一个完整的主系表结构， only if 则引导了这个定语从句自身的 ( 即小级别 ) 条件状语从句 it is precise (仍是一个完整的主系表结构); 接下来我们遇到了 loses ，since 到 loses 之间是两个主系表从句，有各自的系动词，于是 loses 不属于这两个从句，只能与 an argument 对应，这个点也可从单复数上佐证。 loses 与后面的 all its force 形成动宾结构，其中it指代前文的an argument;

toefl长难句(完整资料).doc

【最新整理，下载后即可编辑】 1.But these factors do not account for the interesting question of how there came to be such a concentration of pregnant ichthyosaurs in a particular place very close to their time for giving birth. 2.In the seventeenth century the organ, the clavichord, and the harpsichord became the chief instruments of the keyboard group, a supremacy they maintained until the piano supplanted them at the end of the eighteenth century. 3.A series of mechanical improvements continuing well into nineteenth century, including the introduction of pedals to sustain tone or to soften it, the perfection of a metal frame and steel wire of the finest quality, finally produced an instrument capable of myriad tonal effects from the most delicate harmonies to an almost orchestral fullness of sound, from a liquid, singing tone to a sharp, percussive brilliance. 4.The largest later named pueblo bonito by the Spanish, rose in five terraced stories, contained more than 800 rooms, and could have housed a population of 1000 or more. 5.For a number of years the selection of music for each film program rested entirely in the hands of the conductor or leader of the orchestra, and very often the principal qualification for holding such position was not skill or taste so much as the ownership of large personal library of musical pieces. (not...so much as...与其说....不如说...) 6.The fact that half of the known species are thought to inhabit the word’s rain forest does not seem surprising, considering the huge numbers of insects that comprise the bulk of the species. 7.To appreciate fully the diversity and abundance of life in the sea, it helps to think small.(要充分认识海洋生命的多样性和丰富性，从小的角度思考有帮助） 8.Science is built with facts just as a house built with bricks, but a collection of facts cannot be called science any more than a pile of bricks ac be called a house.

雅思阅读长难句分析(十二)

雅思阅读长难句分析(十二) 雅思阅读长难句一直是雅思阅读中的一个难点，烤鸭们几乎都被折磨过。今天，雅思小编就给大家具体分析一下剑桥真题中出现过的长难句，让烤鸭们掌握分析长难句的分析技巧，攻克雅思阅读长难句，不再是个传说。 1. These misconceptions do not remain isolated but become incorporated into a multifaceted, but organised, conceptual framework, making it and the component ideas, some of which are erroneous, more robust but also accessible to modification. (剑4 Test 1 Passage 1) 译文：这些误解不是孤立存在的，而是组成了一个尽管多层面却十分有条理的概念体系，这一点使得该体系本身及其所有组成的观点更加难以攻破，有些观点甚至本身就是错误的，但是也正是这样，它们反而更容易改动。 这个句子主要难在词汇和句子结构上。我们先来学习一下下面几个词汇： 1. multifaceted：多层面的；多才多艺的 2. component: 组成部分的 3. erroneous：错误的 4. robust: 粗鲁的；强健的 5. incorporated：组成的，合并的 我们该来分析一下句子结构：句子主语是These misconceptions，并列谓语do not remain ……but become，其中有not……but 句式，宾语是isolated，incorporated into…… framework。Making作结果状语，which引导限制性定语从句修饰the component ideas。

新托福阅读长难句120句(分析 译文)

新托福阅读长难句120句(分析+译文 12月16日 1. Totally without light and subjected to intense pressures hundreds of times greater than at the Earth’s surface,the deep—ocean bottom is a hostile environment to humans,in some ways as forbidding and remote as the void of outer space. (定语后置in some ways… 由于完全没有光,而且承受着比在地球表面大数百倍的极大压力,深海底部对人类而言是一个充满敌意的环境,在某些方面就像外层空间一样险恶和遥远。 分句1:Totally without light and subjected to intense pressures 分句2:hundreds of times greater than at the Earth’s surface 分句3:the deep—ocean bottom is a hostile environment to humans 分句4:in some ways as forbidding and remote as the void of outer space 分句2修饰分句1结尾的短语intense pressures, 分句1是分句3的原因状语 分句3是整个长句子的主句 分句4是分句3的后置定语,修饰分句3的a hostile environment to humans 整个句子结构是: 原因状语+主句+后置定语 这是主句前后分别有状语和定语的修饰成分,但是本句其实不是复合句。句子的核心意思是深海对于人类而言是一个充满敌意的环境。

雅思阅读长难句分析1

1. 【雅思长难句分析】1-5 雅思阅读长难句分析： 1 And it is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training. 雅思阅读长难句分析： 2 Whether the government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of techno logy or vice versa (反之) often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force. 雅思阅读长难句分析： 3 How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount, reliability, and Appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted. 雅思阅读长难句分析： 4 There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the Research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry. 雅思阅读长难句分析： 5 Furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a country’s econom directly bound up with the efficiency of its

考研英语长难句经典例子解析

考研英语长难句经典例子解析 来源：文都图书 考研英语的长难句在广大考生心中一直是一个超级大难点，数不清的生词，看不明白的句型和混乱的时态都让考生脑袋大了不止一圈儿，所以今天这篇文章就和大家分享一下攻克长难句的技巧。以《考研英语长难句解密》中的一句超长的长难句为例。 【经典长难句】 The increase in numbers of married women employed outside the home in the twentieth century had less to do with the mechanization of house work and an increase in leisure time for these women than it did with their own economic necessity and with high marriage rates that shrank the available pool of single women workers, previously, in many cases, the only women employers would hire. 【词汇突破】 have to do with…与…有关 Economic necessity 经济需求 pool of single women workers 单身女工的资源 high marriage rates 高结婚率 【参考译文】20世纪，在家庭外被雇佣的女性人数增加了，这与其说是由于家务活的机器化和闲暇时间的增加，还不如说是由于女性自身的经济需求和由于高结婚率。正是高结婚率减少了单身女工劳动力资源的数量，而在这之前很多情况下，她们是雇主们会雇佣的唯一女性。 像书中的解句顺序一样，攻克长难句首先应该拿下句中的生词和短语，这是基础，是盖房所需的砖瓦，然后再攻克句法，拿下房屋结构，这样再对照参考译文，以前觉得很难的长难句就“柳暗花明又一村”了。希望大家首先消除内心对长难句的恐惧心理，静下心来好好分析，好好学习，争取早日拿下长难句，拿下考研英语！加油！

雅思阅读长难句分析作业

雅思阅读长难句分析作业（2011-12-23） 1.From a number of recent studies, it has become clear that blind people can appreciate the use of outlines and perspectives to describe the arrangement of objects and other surfaces in space. But pictures are more than literal representations. 翻译： In this paragraph the writer makes the point that blind people A.may be interested in studying art. B.can draw outlines of different objects and surface. C.can recognize conventions such as perspective. D.can draw accurately. 1.This fact was drawn to my attention dramatically when a blind woman in one of my investigations decided on her own initiative to draw a wheel as it was spinning .To show this motion, she traced a curve inside the circle. I was taken aback. 翻译：

考研英语长难句分析之_特殊句式

第五讲特殊句式及长难句解析 1．简单句、并列句、复合句 从句: 名词性：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句 形容词性：定语从句 副词性：状语从句--- 时间、地点、原因、结果、目的、条件、让步、比较、方式 2．省略句、比较结构、倒装句、分割结构 英语中还有一些特殊句式，出现在阅读理解中，势必会成为我们理解文章的障碍。但是，特殊句式还是有语法规律的，因此，如果我们能熟练应用特殊句式的语法规律，在阅读中一眼就能识别并领会这些特殊语法现象，障碍就基本克服了。 1.省略句 资料47 To err is human; to forgive, divine. Brevity is the soul of wit. 文体畅晓，其智乃见。（省略是将句子中的赘述部分删去，避免重复，使句子更简洁，加强表达内容的连贯性和逻辑性。被省略的部分大多是主语、谓语或谓语中的助动词等。文章中的省略现象会使句子成分短缺，造成句子不完整，如果看不出句子中省略了什么成分，就容易造成对文章的理解困难。 省略句一般只有当各组成部分有共同的成分才可能出现省略。对于这类句式，其难点在于发现省略成分，一旦找出并补充完整，句意理解就会大大简化。 省略句如果出现在翻译中，在翻译的时候，一定要把省略的部分翻译出来，否则会扣分。A：and 连接的并列句的省略 材料48页：Until these issues are resolved, a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems.（2002） 分析：很明显，and with it possibly the only way to solve our problem，是一个省略句，with 做状语一般表示伴随，这一个分句只有一个状语加一个名词结构，构不成一个完整的句子。实际上，与前句相同的成分才会被省略，前一句的谓语部分是：will continue to be rejected. 所以，后一分句补充完整就是：with the rejection of the technology of behavior, possibly the only way to solve our problem will continue to be rejected. 练习：1. The reasons for poverty are many, but for the most part center on illiteracy, the lack of opportunities and in some cases pure laziness. (主语the reasons) 2.He majors in English, and I, in French. (谓语major ) 3.Self-confidence gives you light when you are in dark and encouragement when you are dismay. (省略主谓) B：状语从句中的省略 规则：当主句的主语与从句主语一致时候，且从句的谓语动词是Be动词时候，从句可省略主谓。See 材料48页1. 让步状语从句2 时间状语从句 3．If handled properly and not misused, the clone technology will only bring more benefit than disaster to mankind. (条件状语从句) 4．Some people look as if afraid of nothing. (方式状语从句) 5．The computer is still not yet able to do the work as well as an intelligent secretary. （比较）真题例句1 Actually we know of no type of astronomical body in which the conditions can be favorable to life except planets like our own revolving round a sun. 这是复合句。in which引导定语从句，修饰astronomical body. 介词except引起的短语作

新托福长难句精析-抓五大基本句型

托福长难句精析 Lecture 1 基本句型 1.The problem of how health-care resources should be allocated or apportioned, so that they are distributed in both the most just and the most effective way, is not a new one. 2.Since the early years of the twentieth century, when the International Athletic Federation began keeping records, there has been a steady improvement in how fast athletes run, how high they jump and how far they are able to hurl massive objects, themselves included, through space. 3.The older painters，most of whom were born before 1835，practiced in a mode often self-taught and monopolized by landscape subject matter and were securely established in and fostered by the reigning American art organization, the National Academy of Design． 解析：The older painters…practiced in a mode…and were securely established in and fostered by…为句子主干 译文：老一代画家大多数出生于1835年以前，他们以一种经常是自学的方式和以风景画题材为主的形式作画。这些老画家是由当时美国艺坛上占统治地位的国家设计学院培养出来的，而且他们也在那里确立了自己的地位。 4.In 15 or 30 seconds, a speaker cannot establish the historical context that shaped the issue in question, cannot detail the probable causes of the problem, and cannot examine alternative proposals to argue that one is preferable to others． 解析：(以and连接的并列句) 译文：在15或30秒的时间里，发言人无法建立形成正在讨论的问题的历史背景；不能详细阐述问题产生的可能原因；无法仔细审查几种建议以辩论哪一种更可取。 5.The seesaw brought cycles of intensely cold winters and easterly winds, and switched abruptly to years of heavy spring and early summer rains, mild winters, and frequent Atlantic storms, or to periods of droughts, light northeasterly winds, and summer heat waves. 解析：句子主干：the seesaw brought cycles of… and switched to … or to… 6. A series of mechanical improvements continuing well into the nineteenth century, including the introduction of pedals to sustain tone or to soften it, the perfection of a metal frame and steel wire of the finest quality，finally produced an instrument capable of myriad tonal effects from the most delicate harmonies to an almost orchestral fullness of sound, from a liquid, singing tone to a sharp, percussive brilliance．

托福语法长难句

托福语法长难句分析 1.From a number of recent studies, it has become clear that blind people can appreciate the use of outlines and perspectives to describe the arrangement of objects and other surfaces in space. But pictures are more than literal representations. 翻译： In this paragraph the writer makes the point that blind people A.may be interested in studying art. B.can draw outlines of different objects and surface. C.can recognize conventions such as perspective. D.can draw accurately. 1.This fact was drawn to my attention dramatically when a blind woman in one of my investigations decided on her own initiative to draw a wheel as it was spinning .To show this motion, she traced a curve inside the circle. I was taken aback. 翻译：

雅思阅读长难句的分类和实例分析

雅思阅读长难句的分类和实例分析从常见的主从复合句、并列复合句和其他特殊句式三个方面分享了这些复杂结构的分析方法，大家可以参考一下，希望能提高大家的备考质量。 一、主从复合句：是指一个句子中有两个或两个以上主谓结构，并且其中一个(或更多)主谓结构作为句子的某些成分。常见的主从复合句有名词性从句(主语从句、同位语从句、表语从句、宾语从句)、定语从句和状语从句。给大家举个例子吧： 例：同位语从句+定语从句+状语从句 Second, we make a very conservative assumption that we are looking for a life form that is pretty well like us, since if it differs radically from us we may well not recognise it as a life form, quite apart from whether we are able to communicate with it. (剑9 Test 1 Passage 2) 句子结构分析：这句话的主干是we make a very conservative assumption that…that…since if…whether…。第一个That引导的从句作assumption的同位语，第二个that引导定语从句修饰a life form，since引导时间状语从句，if引导条件状语从句。 译文：第二，我们保守地假定我们正在搜寻的生命形式和人类非常相似，如果形势完全不同，那么我们可能不会把它看作一种生命形式，更不用说能否与它进行交流了。 二、并列复合句：由两个或两个以上的分句通过一些并列连词(but、and、not only…but also…、neither…nor…、yet、while、so等)，构成的复合句。常见的并列复合句可以分为并列关系复合句、转折关系复合句、因果关系复合句和选择关系复合句。给大家举个例子吧： 例：并列关系复合句 The technology for dealing with the hostile saline environment under the sea has been developed in the North Sea oil industry and much is already known about turbine blade design, because of wind power and ship propellers. (剑9 Test 3 Passage 2) 句子结构分析：and连接两个并列句，第一个句子是被动语态，为现在完成时，句子主干是The technology has been developed in the North Sea oil industry 。第二个句子是主系表结构，为一般现在时，句子主干是much is already known about turbine blade design，because of作原因状语。 译文：应对海底恶劣盐渍环境的技术已经在北海油田工业中得以研发，而且得益于对风力发电及船只螺旋桨等技术的积累，人们对涡轮机叶片的设计已经有了很多了解。 三、其他特殊句式：除了上面给大家分享的一些复合句之外，雅思阅读中还会出现一些倒装、省略、强调等特殊句式，同学们备考的时候要注意一下。例子如下： 例1 ：强调句式

2019年托福阅读长难句100句：大量物种灭绝

2019年托福阅读长难句100句：大量物种灭绝 今天我们来看这样一个句子： The possibility that mass extinctions may recur periodically has given rise to such hypotheses as that of a companion star with a long-period orbit deflecting other bodies from their normal orbits, making some of them fall to Earth asmeteors and causing widespread devastation upon impact. (TPO15, 46) recur /r'k/ v. 再发生，复发 periodically adv.定期地，周期性发生地 hypothesis /ha'pɑθss/ n. 假说，假设 deflect /d'flkt/ v. (使某物)运动转向;使某人改变原来的计划 meteor /'mit/ n. 流星 devastation /dev'sten/ n. 毁坏，荒废 impact /m'pækt/ n. 撞击，冲击;影响 such sth as/that...：(像後面提及的)那样的, 这样的 我是分界线，大家先测试一遍速读是否理解 The possibility (that mass extinctions may recur periodically) has given rise to such hypotheses as that (of a companion star)(with a long-period orbit) (deflecting other bodies from their normal orbits), (making some of them fall to Earth as meteors) and (causing widespread devastation upon impact). (TPO15, 46) 托福阅读长难句100句分析：

新托福长难句精析-名词性从句

1.What is particularly meaningful to anthropologists is the realization that although the materials available to a society may to some extent limit or influence what it can do artistically, the materials by no means determine what is done． 解析：(三个what引导的从句，第一个作主语，第二个与第三个都作宾语；that至句末的部分作realization的同位语) 分句1：What is particularly meaningful to anthropologists is the realization 分句2：although the materials available to a society may to some extent limit or influence what it can do artistically 分句3：the materials by no means determine what is done． 2和3并列 1和2，3嵌套，2和3是1中the realization的同位语 译文：对人类学家有着特殊意义的是这样一种认识：尽管一个社会能够得到的材料可能在一定程度上限制或影响它在艺术上的作为，但这些材料绝对不能决定该社会所做的事情。 2. As a result，claims that eating a diet consisting entirely of organically grown foods prevents or cures disease or provides other benefits to health have become widely publicized and form the basis for folklore． 解析：(同位语从句claims that…) 分句1：that eating a diet consisting entirely of organically grown foods prevents or cures disease or provides other benefits to health 分句2：claims have become widely publicized and form the basis for folklore 分句2嵌套分句1，分句1作为分句2主语的同位语从句嵌套在分句2中。因此本句的主句是claims have become widely publicized and form the basis for folklore. （那些观点广为人知，并成为一些民间说法的基础。）同位语从句是that eating a diet consisting entirely of organically grown foods prevents or cures disease or provides other benefits to health：只食用绿色食品就能防治疾病或增进健康 译文：结果，那些认为只食用绿色食品就能防治疾病或增进健康的观点广为人知，并成为一些民间说法的基础。 3.There are numerous unsubstantiated reports that natural vitamins are superior to synthetic ones，that fertilized eggs are nutritionally superior to unfertilized eggs, that untreated grains are better than fumigated grains and the like． 解析：(并列同位语从句reports that…，that…，that…) 分句1：There are numerous unsubstantiated reports 分句2：natural vitamins are superior to synthetic ones 分句3：that fertilized eggs are nutritionally superior to unfertilized eggs 分句4：that untreated grains are better than fumigated grains and the like 分句1是整个长句的主句，分句2、分句3和分句4是并列关系，共同构成分句1的同位语从句。本句的意思是有很多没有经过证实的报道，然后并列了三个未经过证实的报道的从句。译文：关于天然维生素优于人造维生素，受精蛋比未受精蛋的营养价值更高，未经熏蒸消毒处理的谷物比经过处理的好等等报道屡见不鲜，但都没有得到证实。

实例深度分析如何看懂托福阅读长难句

实例深度分析如何看懂托福阅读长难句 朗阁海外考试研究中心徐露露 就目前大陆考区学生所接触的北美地区四类热门考试（TOEFL， SAT， GRE， GMAT）的难度而言，TOEFL的难度系数是最低的。在实际教学中，笔者发现经常有一些基础很弱的同学在阅读托福文章的过程中喜欢把所有生词的汉语意思全查出来，但是做题的正确率依然很低。在单词的意思已经知道的情况下为什么还是不会做题？很多基础差的同学虽然了解了每个单词的意思，但是当这些独立的单词组合成一句长难句的时候就看不懂了，也就是长难句分析能力太差。长难句分析能力差不仅会影响阅读速度和阅读准确性，而且还会影响某些题型的正确率。因为在托福阅读十大题型当中，句子简化题、事实信息题和推理题这几种题型都直接或间接地在考察学生分析长难句的能力。朗阁海外考试研究中心的专家认为，在面对长难句时，考生一定不能“只见树木（单词），不见森林（结构）”，句子主干部分永远比修饰部分要重要。下面就来谈一谈托福阅读真题当中的长难句结构类型。 一、定语从句 首先，定语从句应该是托福阅读最喜欢考察的结构，一般可以将其分为两种：单层定语从句结构和多层定语从句结构。 1. 单层定语从句结构：指整个句中包含一个或两个并列关系的定语从句。 例：包含一个定语从句的情况 In the late 1700s James Watt designed an efficient and commercially viable steam engine that was soon applied to a variety of industrial uses as it became cheaper to use. （TPO 26 Energy and the Industrial Revolution） 解析：该句是that引导的定语从句 固定搭配： （be） applied to应用于 a variety of很多…。。. 词汇： viable=practicable=feasible=practical=possible （adj.）切实可行的 variety=category=group=lot （n.）种类 翻译：十七世纪末，James Watt设计了一种高效并且可商用的蒸汽机，随着其价格降低，很快被应用于各种工业。

雅思阅读中的15个长难句分析

小编仔细分析了一下，发现生词多、长难句多、不熟悉解题技巧是考生觉得雅思阅读时间紧张的原因。所以，小编整理了雅思阅读中的15个长难句分析，希望大家可以克服长难句这个壁垒。 1. Ahomeowner can get hurt trying to use the wrong kind of extinguisher on anelectrical fire. 2.Bolenciecwcz was staring at the floor, trying to think, his huge hands rubbingtogether, his face red. 3. Facingthe Atlantic, it is on the northeastern coast of the United States, and most ofthe city is built on islands. 4. He sat infront of them, dressed in a plain, ill-fitting suit, never moving, his dustyface masking his age. 5. Freedfrom TV, forced to find their activities, they might take a ride together towatch the sunset. 6. Over 800full-time thatchers are employed in England and Wales today, maintaining andrenewing the old roofs as well as thatching newer houses. 7. He hadnever been to school or university but had studied privately and by the time hewas twenty he was a skillful chemist and excellent linguist, speaking Swedish,Russian, German, France, and English. 8. Thematerials used – copper, stainless steel, concrete and glass- give the buildinga striking beauty. 9. Afterall, eighty was a special birthday, another decade lived or endured just as youchose to look at it. 10. But atleast they would distinguish the organizations entitled to a continuing voicein the dialogue with the research community about the rights of animals inresearch from the organizations that deserve no say. 11.Registering for classes, becoming familiar with the buildings on campus, buyingbooks, adding and dropping classes, and paying fees are confusing for everyone.