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构词法知识要点与练习

Chapter 4 Word Formation

Part I:知识要点

The expansion of vocabulary in modern English depends chiefly on word-formation.Not all the words that are produced by applying the rules are acceptable.Rules only provide a constant set of models from which new words are created from day to day.

现代英语词汇的扩充主要依靠构词法。并不是所有应用规则产生的单词都是可接受的。规则只提供了一组固定的模型,从这些模型中可以日复一日地创建新单词。

Rules themselves are not fixed but undergo changes.

affixation 30%-40% ,compounding 28%-30% ,conversion 26% ,shortening 8%-10% ,(clipping and acronymy)blending and others 1%-5%

I. Affixation

Affixation (也叫Derivation):the formation of words by adding word forming or derivational affixes to stems. (derivative派生词)According to their position,affixation falls into:prefixation(前缀法)and suffixation(后缀法).

I.1. Prefixation—— the formation of new words by adding prefixes to stems. It does not change the word-class of the stem but change its meaning.

通过在词干上加前缀来形成新词。它并不改变词干的词类,而是改变词干的意义。

1.Negative prefixes:

– a- (abnormal),dis- (disobey),in- (il-,ir-,im-)(injustice),non- (non-smoker),un- (unwilling)un- are the most productive and can usually replace in- or dis- with adj.

2. Reversative or privative prefixes 逆反前缀:

– de- (decentralize),dis- (disunite),un- (unwrap)

3. Pejorative prefixes(贬义的前缀):

– mal- (maltreat),mis- (mistrust),pseudo- (pseudo-science)

4.Prefixes of degree or size:表程度或大小的前缀

– arch- (archbishop),extra-(extra-strong),hyper-(hyperactive),macro- (macrocosm),micro- (microcomputer),mini- (mini-election),out- (outlive),over- (overweigh),sub- (subheading),super- (superfreeze),sur- (surtax),ultra- (ultra-conservative),under-(underdeveloped)

5.Prefixes of orientation and attitude:倾向、方向和态度前缀

– anti- (anti-nuclear),contra- (contraflow),counter-,pro-(pro-student)

6.Locative prefixes :方位前缀

– extra- (extraordinary),fore- (forehead),inter- (inter-city),intra- (intra-party),tele-,trans-

7.Prefixes of time and order:时间和顺序的前缀

– ex- (ex-wife),fore- (foretell),pre-,re- (reconsider)

8.Number Prefixes:数字前缀

– bi-,multi- (poly-)(multi-purpose),semi- (hemi-),tri- (tricycle),uni-(mono-)(uniform)

9.Miscellaneous prefixes:其他类型的前缀

– auto-,neo- (neo-Nazi),pan- (pan-European),vice-

I.2. Suffixation ——Suffixation is the formation of new words by adding suffixes to stems. Change the grammatical function of stems (the word class). Suffixes can be grouped on a grammatical basis.后缀发是通过在词干中添加后缀来形成新词。改变词干(词类)的语法功能。后缀可以根据语法分组。

I.2.1.Noun suffixes名词后缀

Denominal nouns来自名词的名词后缀(名词+suffix ——名词)

a. Concrete(表具体)—— -eer (engineer),-er (teenager),-ess (hostess),-ette (cigarette),-let (booklet)

b. Abstract (表抽象)——-age (wastage),-dom (处于…状态)(officialdom),-ery (slavery),-ery (-ry),-hood (childhood),-ing (farming),- ism(…主义)(terrorism),-ship(状态)(sportsmanship)Deverbal nouns 来自动词的名词后缀(动词+suffix——名词)

a. Denoting people表示人——-ant (assistant),-ee (trainee),-ent (respondent),-er(-or)

b. Denoting action,result,process,state,ect. 表示动作、结果、过程、状态——-age (linkage),-al (dismissal),-ance (attendance),-ation (-ition,-tion,-sion,-ion),-ence (existence),-ing (savings),-ment (statement)

De-adjective nouns来自形容词的名词后缀(形容词+suffix——名词)——-ity (popularity),-ness (happiness)

Nouns and adjectives suffixes —— -ese (Chinese),-an (Australian),-ist (主义)(socialist)

I.2.2.Adjective suffixes形容词后缀

Denominal suffixes来自名词的形容词后缀:

-ed (wooded),-ful (successful),-ish (foolish),-less (priceless),-like (lady-like),-ly (friendly),-y (smoky)

-al(-ial,-ical)(cultural,residential),-esque (picturesque),-ic (economic),-ous(-eous,-ious)(coutageous)

-ic and –ical can be affixed to the stem in some cases,but differ in meaning.

Historic (important in history)historical (of history)

Classic (great,memorable)classical (of Latin or Greek)

Comic (of comedy)comical (funny)

Economic (in the economy)economical (money-saving)

Electric (powered by electricity)electrical (of electricity)

Deverbal suffixes来自动词的形容词后缀—— -able (-ible)(washable),-ive(-ative,-sive)(active,decisive)

I.2.3.Adverb suffixes副词后缀:

-ly (calmly),-ward(s)(homewards),-wise (clockwise)

I.2.4.Verb suffixes动词后缀:

-ate(originate),-en (darken),-(i)fy (beautify),-ize (ise)(modernize)

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/6719032999.html,pounding (Composition)合成法

Compounding is a process of word-formation by joining two or more stems.复合是两个或两个以上的词干连接而成的构词法。

Compound:a lexical unit consisting of more than one stem and functioning both grammatically and semantically as a single word.

复合词:由一个以上的词干组成的一个词汇单位,在语法和语义上都是一个词。

Part II:练习

I.Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement.

1.The prefixes in the words of ir resistible, non classical and a political are called

_______.

A.reversative prefixes

B. negative prefixes

C. pejorative prefixes

D. locative

prefixes

2.The prefixes contained in the following words are called ______: pseudo-friend,

mal practice, mis trust.

A. reversative prefixed

B. negative prefixes

C. pejorative prefixes

D. locative prefixes

3.The prefixed contained in un wrap, de-compose and dis allow are _________.

A. reversative prefixed

B. negative prefixes

C. pejorative prefixes

D. locative prefixes

4.The prefixes in words extra-strong, overweight and arch bishop are _____ .

A . negative prefixes B. prefixes of degree or size C. pejorative prefixes D. locative prefixes

5.The prefixes in words bi lingual ,uni form and hemis phere are ________.

A. number prefixes

B. prefixes of degree or size

C. pejorative prefixes

D.

locative prefixes

6.________ are contained in words trans-world, intra-party and fore head.

A.Prefixes of orientation and attitude

B. Prefixes of time and order

C. Locative prefixes

D. Prefixes of degree or size

7. Rugby ,afghan and champagne are words coming from ________.

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/6719032999.html,s of books

B. names of places

C. names of people

D. tradenames

8. Omega,Xerox and orlon are words from _________.

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/6719032999.html,s of books

B. names of places

C. names of people

D. tradenames

9.Ex-student, fore tell and post-election contain________.

A.negative prefixes

B. prefixes of degree or size

C. prefixes of time and order

D. locative prefixes

2.Mackintosh, bloomers and cherub are from _______

A. names of books

B. names of places

C. names of people

D. tradenames

3.The prefixes in words new-Nazi, autobiography and pan-European are ________.

A.negative prefixes

B. prefixes of degree or size

C. prefixes of time and order

D. miscellaneous prefixes

4.The prefixes in words anti-government , pro student and contra flow are _____-.

A.prefixes of degree or size

B. prefixes of orientation and attitude

C. prefixes of time and order

D. miscellaneous prefixes

5.Utopia ,odyssey and Babbit are words from ________.

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/6719032999.html,s of books

B. names of places

C. names of people

D. tradenames

6.The suffixes in words clockwise, homewards are ______.

A. noun suffixes

B. verb suffixes

C. adverb suffixes

D. adjective suffixes

7.The suffixes in words height en, symbol ize are ________.

A.noun suffixes

B. verb suffixes

C. adverb suffixes

D. adjective suffixes

II. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions.

16. Affixation is generally defined as the formation of words by adding word-forming or derivational affixes to stem. This process is also known as_____.

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/6719032999.html,pounding , also called ________, is the formation of new words by joining two or more stems . Words formed in this way are called _________.

18. __________ is the formation of new words by converting words of one class to another class.

19. _________ is the formation of new words by combining parts of two words or a word plus a part of another word . Words formed in this way are called blends or _____words.

20 A common way of making a word is to shorten a longer word by cutting a part off the original and using what remains instead. This is called _______.

III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to types of suffixation.

A B

21. Concrete denominal noun suffixes( ) A. priceless

22. Abstract denominal noun suffixes ( ) B. downward

23. Deverbal noun suffixes(denoting people.)() C. engineer

24. Deverbal nouns suffixes( denoting action,etc) () D. darken

25. De-adjective noun suffixes()Eviolinist

26. Noun and adjective suffixes ( ) F.happiness

27. Denominal adjective suffixes ( ) G. arguable

28. Deverbal adjective suffixes ( ) H.dependent

29. Adverb suffixes ( ) I. adulthood

30. Verb suffixes ( ) J. survival

IV. Study the following words or expressions and identify 1) types of clipping 2) types of acronymy and write the full terms.

31.quake ( ) 32. stereo ( ) 33. flu ( ) 34. pub ( ) 35.

c/o ( )

36. V-day ( ) 37. TB ( ) 38. disco ( ) 39.copter ( ) 40.

perm ( )

IV. Define the following terms .

41. acronymy 42. back-formation 43. initialisms

44. prefixation 45. suffixation

VI. Answer the following questions with examples.

46. What are the characteristics of compounds ?

47. What are the main types of blendings ?

48. What are the main types of compounds ?

VII. Analyze and comment on the following:

49. Use the following examples to explain the types of back-formation.

(1) donate ----donation emote----emotion

(2) loaf—loafer beg------beggar

(3) eavesdrop---eavesdropping babysit---babysitter

(4) drowse—drowsy laze---lazy

50. Read the following sentence and identify the types of conversion of the italicized words.

(1) I’m very grateful for your help.

(2) The rich must help the poor.

(3)His argument contains too many ifs and buts.

(4) They are better housed and clothed.

(5) The photograph yellowed with age.

(6) We downed a few beers.

Key to exercises :

1. B

2. C

3. A

4. B

5. A

6.C

7.B

8.D

9.C 10.C 11.D 12.B 13.A

14.C 15.B

II. 16. derivation https://www.wendangku.net/doc/6719032999.html,position, compounds 18. Conversion 19. Blending(pormanteau) 20.clipping

III. 21.C 22. I 23. H 24. J 25.F 26.E 27.A 28.G 29.B 30.D

IV.31. Front clipping, earthquake

32. Back clipping, stereophonic

33.Front and back clipping, influenza

34.Phrase clipping, public house

35. Initialisms, care of

36. Acronyms, Victory Day

37. Initialisms, tuberculosis

38. Back clipping, discotheque

39. Front clipping, helicopter

40. Phrase clipping, permanent waves

V-VI. (See the course book)

VII.49. There are mainly four types of back-formation.

(1)From abstract nouns (2) From human nouns (3) From compound nouns and others

(4) From adjectives

50. (1)Verb to noun (2) Adjective to noun (3) Miscellaneous conversion to noun (4 ) Noun to verb (5) Adjective (6) Miscellaneous conversion to verb

(完整版)英语构词法练习题基础篇

英语构词法练习题 一、基础练习 A:名词后加“y”变成形容词 sun---_________( ) wind -—-__________() cloud ——-__________()rain -——________( ) snow --—__________() fun-——__________( ) health —-—________()noise -——__________( )salt—-—__________( ) luck -—-__________() sleep ———__________( ) sand -——__________( ) B:名词后加“—ful" “—less”变成形容词 care -——__________()__________()use--—__________( )__________( ) colour---__________()_________( ) help-—-__________( )__________( ) hope ---__________()__________( ) harm —-—__________( )__________( ) success-—-________( ) wonder———_______( ) peace—-—__________() sleep ———__________( ) home-——__________( ) value———__________() C: 名词后加“—ern”变成形容词 east—-—______( )west --—_______()south—-—_______( ) north—--__________( ) D: 名词后加“-al"变成形容词 person——-__________()education-——__________()tradition———__________( ) medicine--—__________() music —-—__________()nature--—__________( ) E: 名词后加“—ly”变成形容词 friend-——___________( ) love-——___________( ) week-—-__________( ) F:名词后加“——ous”变成形容词 danger——-___________( ) mystery-—-___________( ) fame-—-__________( ) G:名词后加“-en”变成形容词 wool——-___________( ) wood-——___________( ) gold--—__________()H: 名词转化为形容词的不规则变化 energy——-___________( ) athlete——-___________( ) hunger--—___________() pride-——___________( ) death——-___________() science-——___________() knowledge---___________( )anger—--___________( )Africa---___________() America—-—___________( ) Asia—-—___________( ) Australia--—___________()

构词法习题以及答案

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构词法知识要点与练习

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英语高考考点---名词的构词法及练习(有答案)

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构词法练习及其答案

构词法练习及其答案 编辑整理: 尊敬的读者朋友们: 这里是精品文档编辑中心,本文档内容是由我和我的同事精心编辑整理后发布的,发布之前我们对文中内容进行仔细校对,但是难免会有疏漏的地方,但是任然希望(构词法练习及其答案)的内容能够给您的工作和学习带来便利。同时也真诚的希望收到您的建议和反馈,这将是我们进步的源泉,前进的动力。 本文可编辑可修改,如果觉得对您有帮助请收藏以便随时查阅,最后祝您生活愉快业绩进步,以下为构词法练习及其答案的全部内容。

高考能力测试构词法Word Formation 一.合成 Compounding 两个或更多的词合成一个词。 方式:1. 直接写在一起. 2. 用连字符(—)连接. 3. 由两个分开的词构成.

话—打电话, mirror镜子—像镜子一样反映, drink喝—饮料, record录音—记录, name, date, hand, study, 2. 形容词转化为动词 perfect完美的-—使完善 3。名词转化为形容词(副词) front前面——前面的 4.形容词转化为名词 chief 主要的-—首领 训练要旨:构词法是英语学习的一个重点,也是近年来常考的项目。特别是在词语辨析的综合运用中, 对词汇掌握的要求越来越高。检测构词法,在阅读理解中,已不把这种词汇看作生词,而是把这类词的理 解看作学生通过对构词法知识的学习,应该具备的一种能力。如有的生词,只要其词根是学生们该掌握的 或熟悉的,只是加上了前缀或后缀,再者或是合成词等,命题人就认为不必再注出汉语注释。 1.That man was________enough not to tell the manager that he would not do the job.A.care B。 careful C. careless Dcarelessness 2。The soldier died for saving the child,so his________ is heavier than Mount Tai. A。 die B. dead C. died D. death 3。The child looked_______ at his brother who was badly wounded. A。 sadly B。sadness C。 sadly D. sad 4。He is an expert at chemistry. We all call him a ________。 A。 chemistry B。chemical C. chemis D. physician 5.The three—________chair isn’t suitable for a young child。 He may fall off。 A. legging B 。legged C。 legs D。leged 6.Stephenson became the________railway engineer in the world. A。lead B。leader C. leading D。 leadership 7.When the teacher praised him for working out the maths problem,Jack looked_______about at his classmates。

英语构词法练习

课程名称:英语词汇学 课程代码:056261 资源类型:英语词汇学自主学习 1.2词汇记忆与词汇测试 构词法练习 训练指要 构词法是英语学习的一个重点,也是近年来常考的项目。特别是在词语辨析的综合运用中,对词汇掌握的要求越来越高。检测构词法,在阅读理解中,已不把这种词汇看作生词,而是把这类词的理解看作学生通过对构词法知识的学习,应该具备的一种能力。如有的生词,只要其词根是学生们该掌握的或熟悉的,只是加上了前缀或后缀,再者或是合成词等,命题人就认为不必再注出汉语注释。所以我们在学习英语词汇的时候一定要灵活学习和掌握,随时准备应付所出现的情况。 Ⅰ.单项填空 1.That man was________ enough not to tell the manager that he would not do the job. A. care B. careful C. careless D. carelessness 2.The soldier died for saving the child,so his________ is heavier than Mount Tai. A.die B. dead C. died D. death 3.The child looked________ at his brother who was badly wounded. A. sadly B. sadness C. sadly D.sad 4.He is an expert at chemistry. We all call him a ________. A. chemistry B. chemical C. chemist D. physician 5.The three- ________chair isn’t suitable for a young child. He may fall off. A. egging B. legged C. legs D. leged 6.Stephenson became the________ railway engineer in the world. A. lead B. leader C. leading D. leadership 7.When the teacher praised him for working out the math problem,Jack looked________ about at his classmates. A. proud B. proudly C. pride D. pridely 8.To everyone’s ________,the girl finished the job quite well. A. satisfied B. satisfactory C. satisfying D. satisfaction 9.—What are you doing here? —Oh,my teacher asked me to write a passage about ________in English. —You can write________ passage in English? A.600 words;a 600-words B.600-word;a 600-words C.600 words;a 600-word D.600 words;a 600-words 10.No one should enter the spot without the________ of the police. A. permit B. permission C. permitting D. permittence 11.You must come with us to the police ________.Our head is waiting for you. A. headquarters B. headline C. headmaster D. headache 12.Letting that animal escape was no accident;you did it ________. A. intend B. intention C. intentionally D. intentional 13.The shop owner welcomed all the guests with a ________smile. A. practice B. practise C. practical D. practiced

构词法练习题

构词法练习题 在语言学中,构词法是研究词语如何构成的学科。通过构词法的学习,我们可以深入理解词汇的形成和使用规则,为我们的语言运用提供更多的方式和技巧。本文将为大家介绍一些构词法的练习题,帮助大家巩固和加深对构词法的理解。 1. 同义词构词 同义词构词是通过使用与基本词意思相同的词根、前缀、后缀或其他形式来创造新的词语。将下列近义词转化为新词,同时保持其意思不变: - 快乐 - 丰富 - 智慧 2. 反义词构词 反义词构词是通过使用与基本词意思相反的词根、前缀、后缀或其他形式来创造新的词语。将下列反义词转化为新词,同时保持其意思相反: - 善良 - 勇敢 - 温暖

3. 词根组合 词根组合是指使用多个词根来构成新词。通过给出的词根,将其组合并生成新的词语: - tele(远程) - photo(光、照片) - scope(仪器、仪表) 4. 前缀和后缀运用 前缀和后缀是构词法中常用的形成新词的方式。将下列词语的意思通过添加适当的前缀或后缀来改变,并解释其意义: - understand - connect - comfort 5. 缩写与混成词 缩写和混成词是构词法中较为灵活的形式,可以通过合并词语或简写词语来形成新的词汇。请你创造三个新的缩写词和三个混成词,并解释其含义: - 例:MV(音乐视频) - 例:brunch(早午餐) 6. 词类转化

词类转化是指一个词在不变化其形态的情况下,从一个词类转变为另一个词类。将下列词语通过改变词性形式,生成新的词语,并解释其意义: - inform - develop - success 通过以上的构词法练习题,我们可以更好地理解和应用构词法的规则。通过不断练习和思考,我们将能够更加熟练地运用构词法来拓宽自己的词汇量和表达能力。如果有兴趣,可以继续探索更复杂的构词法规则和应用。加油!

史上最全人教版初中英语八年级语法构词法练习题(含答案)

构词法练习1 1.That man was ___careful____(careful)enough not to tell the manager that he would not do the job. 2.The soldier died for saving the child,so his ___death____(die) is heavier than Mount Tai. 3.The child looked ___sadly____(sad)at his brother who was badly wounded. 4.He is an expert at chemistry. We all call him a _chemist___. (chemistry) 5.The three- _legged______(leg)chair isn’t suitable for a young child. He may fall off. 6.Stephenson became the __leading_(lead)railway engineer in the world. 7.When the teacher praised him for working out the maths proble,Jack looked_pridely____(pride)about at his classmates. 8.The shop owner welcomed all the guests with a__ practiced__(practice)smile. 9.My TV is out of order. Can you tell me what is the_latest__ (late)news about Iraq War? 10.The Great Wall is more than 6000 li in ____length____. (long) 11.To my____ joy____,(joy)I passed the exam easily. 12.How___foolish____ he is! He is always acting ___foolishly_.He is really a ___fool_. (fool) 13.The necklace that she lost is very expensive. It’s of great _value_.

(完整版)英语构词法详解及练习

高中英语构词法讲解与练习 一.种类 英语构词法主要有:合成法,转变法,派生法,混成法,截短法和词首字母缩略法。 二.定义与精讲 1.转变法 英语中,有的名词可作动词,有的形容词可作副词或动词,这类把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变的方法叫作转变法。 1)动词转变成名词①很多动词可以转变成名词, 大多数情况下,意思 没有多大的变化,如: Let's go out for a walk.我们到外面去散闲步吧。 ②有时意思有必然变化,如: He is a man of strong build.他是一个体格强壮的汉子。 ③有的与一个动词和不定冠词组成短语,表示一个动作,如: Let's have a swim.我们游泳吧。 2)名词转变成动词 ①很多表示物件,如 Did you book a seat on the plane? 你订好飞机座位了吗 ? ②身体部位,如:

Please hand me the book请.把那本书递给我。③某 类人的名词可以用作动词来表示动作,如:She nursed her husband back to health她.看护丈夫, 使他恢复了健康。 ④某些抽象名词也可作动词。如: We lunched together我.们在一起吃了午餐。 3)形容词转变成动词 有少许形容词可以转变成动词。如: We will try our best to better our living conditions.我们要全力改进我们的生活情况。 4)副词转变成动词 有少许副词可以转变成动词。比方: Murder will out.( 谚语 )恶事终必然败事。 5)形容词转变成名词 ①表示颜色的形容词常可转变成名词,如: You should be dressed in black at the funeral.你在葬礼中该穿黑色衣服 ②某些形容词如 old, young, poor, rich, wounded, injured 等与 the 连用,表示一类人,作主语时,谓语 用复数以下,如: The old in our village are living a happy life. 我们村的老年人过着幸福的生活。 2.派生法

(完整版)构词法练习及其答案

高考能力测试构词法Word Formation 一.合成 Compounding 两个或更多的词合成一个词。 方式:1. 直接写在一起。 2. 用连字符(—)连接。 3. 由两个分开的词构成。

话, mirror镜子—像镜子一样反映, drink喝—饮料, record录音-记录, name, date, hand, study, 2. 形容词转化为动词 perfect完美的—-使完善 3。名词转化为形容词(副词) front前面—— 前面的 4.形容词转化为名词 chief 主要的-—首领 训练要旨:构词法是英语学习的一个重点,也是近年来常考的项目.特别是在词语辨析的综合运用中,对词汇掌握的要求 越来越高.检测构词法,在阅读理解中,已不把这种词汇看作生词,而是把这类词的理解看作学生通过对构词法知识的学习, 应该具备的一种能力。如有的生词,只要其词根是学生们该掌握的或熟悉的,只是加上了前缀或后缀,再者或是合成词等,命 题人就认为不必再注出汉语注释。 1.That man was________enough not to tell the manager that he would not do the job.A。care B. careful C. careless Dcarelessness 2。The soldier died for saving the child,so his________ is heavier than Mount Tai。 A。 die B. dead C。 died D。 death 3。The child looked_______ at his brother who was badly wounded. A. sadly B。 sadness C. sadly D。 sad 4。He is an expert at chemistry。 We all call him a ________。 A. chemistry B. chemical C。 chemis D. physician 5.The three- ________chair isn’t suitable for a young child.He may fall off。 A。 legging B 。legged C. legs D.leged 6.Stephenson became the________railway engineer in the world。 A。 lead B。 leader C. leading D. leadership 7。When the teacher praised him for working out the maths problem,Jack looked_______about at his classmates。 A.proud B.proudly C。pride D. pridely 8.To everyone's ________, the girl finished the job quite well. A。satisfied B.satisfactory C.satisfying D。satisfaction 9。—What are you doing here? —Oh,my teacher asked me to write a passage about ________in English。—You can write______ _passage in English? A。600 words;a 600-words B.600—word;a 600—words C。600 words;a 600-word D.600 words;a 600—words 10.No one should enter the spot without the________of the police。 A.permit B.permission C.permitting D.permittence

构词法练习及其答案

高考能力测试构词法W o r d F o r m a t i o n 一.合成 Compounding 两个或更多的词合成一个词。 方式:1. 直接写在一起。 2. 用连字符(-)连接。 3. 由两个分开的词构成。 (1)合成adj

(2)合成动词 (3)合成n (4)合成 adv however, maybe, wherever, whenever, forever (5)合成代词whoever,, whatever, everyone, nobody, myself, something, anything, (6)合成介词 inside在……里

date, hand, study, 2. 形容词转化为动词 perfect完美的——使完善 3.名词转化为形容词(副词) front前面——前面的 4.形容词转化为名词 chief 主要的——首领 训练要旨:构词法是英语学习的一个重点,也是近年来常考的项目。特别是在词语辨析的综合运用中,对词汇掌握的要求越来越高。检测 构词法,在阅读理解中,已不把这种词汇看作生词,而是把这类词的理解看作学生通过对构词法知识的学习,应该具备的一种能力。如有的 生词,只要其词根是学生们该掌握的或熟悉的,只是加上了前缀或后缀,再者或是合成词等,命题人就认为不必再注出汉语注释。 1.That man was________enough not to tell the manager that he would not do the job.A.care B. careful C. careless Dcarelessness 2.The soldier died for saving the child,so his________ is heavier than Mount Tai. A. die B. dead C. died D. death 3.The child looked_______ at his brother who was badly wounded. A. sadly B. sadness C. sadly D. sad

英语构词法总结与练习

英语构词法总结与练习 a合成法 (1)合成法即是由两个或更多的词合成一个词。合成词在英语中比较活跃,合成形容词很常见,多数用作定语,有些作表语;合成名词作主语或宾语;合成动词作谓语;合成副词作状语。 quick-servicecounter快餐部,airsick昏飞机,air-dropped空投,warm-heartedly热情地,sightseeing游览观光,cross-roads十字路口(2)制备形容词的形成方法如下: ①形容词/数词+名词+ednoble-minded高尚的,good-tempered脾气好的warm-hearted,cold-blooded,three-legged,one-eyed ②形容词+现在分词good-looking漂亮的,fine-sounding悦耳的,easy-going sweet/bad-smelling,cheap-looking ③副词+现在分词hard-working勤奋的,far-reaching深刻的ever-lastingrapidlycincreasinglong-sufferingnever-ending④名词/代词+现在分词:peace-loving爱好和平的,english-speakingmatch/flower-sellingflesh-eatingrecord-breakingself-lockingtime/gas-savingman-killing⑤名词+过去分词state-owned国有的,heartfelt由衷的self-taughtsnow-covered ⑥副词+过去分词well-known著名的,wide-spread广为流传的well-informedbadly-wounded widely-usednewly-builtbadlycmanagedover-fed ⑦形容词/数词+名词large-scale大规模的,high-class高级的second-handlong-distancehigh-speedafivecyearplan⑧名词+形容词 duty-free退税的,airsick昏飞机的ice-coldhome-sick⑨另外除了其他方式形成的合成词,例如: all-round全面的,everyday日常的,face-to-face面对面的,first-rate一流的(3)合成名词的常见构成方式有:①名词+名词 silkworm蚕,bloodtest血常规 safetybelt,chinatown,trafficlight,shoelaceclassroom ②形容词+名词 double-dealer两面派,shorthand速记③v-ing+名词

高中英语基本构词法及练习题

高中英语基本构词法及练习题 XXX n is the process of adding a prefix or suffix to a root word to create a new word that is either similar or opposite in meaning to the original word. I。Prefixes Prefixes usually change the meaning of a word without changing its part of speech。except for a few XXX are dis-。il-。im-。in-。ir-。mis-。non-。and un-. Examples: disabled。disadvantaged。disagree。discolour。discount。disappear。disapprove。disclose。disconnect。discourage。discontinuous。disorder。discontinue。illegal。impossible。inaccurate。inactive。inadaptable。inapplicable。inconstant。inconvenient。incredible。incurable。independent。ineffective。informal。invisible。irregular。irremovable。

irrespective。irresponsible。misfortune。misread。nonmetal。unable。misguide。mistrust。misinterpret。misunderstand。mislead。misuse。n。noninvolvement。unbalance。unacceptable。unaware。uncertain。unbreakable。unchangeable。fortable。undetermined。unfold。undecided。unemployed。undeveloped。unearth。untie。XXX。unpack. Other XXX: a。anti- (against): anti-fascist。anti-gas。anti-Japanese War. b。auto- (self): graphy。autography. c。bi- (two): XXX。bilingual. d。co- (together): n。co-author。co-heir. e。de- (down): deform。degrade。devalue. f。en-/em- (cause to be): enable。embrace.

高中英语基本构词法及练习题

英语构词法中的派生法 派生法:在词根加前缀或在词根后面加后缀构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词叫作派生法。 一、前缀前缀一般改变单词的意义,不改变词性(除少数前缀外); 后缀一般改变词类,而不引起词义的变化。 (1) 表示否定意义的前缀常用的有: dis-, il-, im-, in-, ir-, mis-, non-, un- 。 disable disadvantage disagree disappear disapprove disclose discolour disconnect discontinuous discontinue discount discourage disorder illegal impossible inaccurate inactive inadaptable inapplicable inconstant inconvenient incredible incurable independent ineffective informal invisible irregular irremovable irrespective irresponsible misfortune misguide midinterpret mislead misread mistrust misunderstand misuse nonmetal noncooperation noninvolvement unable unacceptable unaware unbalance unbreakable uncertain unchangeable uncomfortable undecided unemployed undetermined undeveloped unearth uneconomical unfold unpack untie (2) 表示其他意义的前缀常用的有: a.前缀anti anti-fascist anti-gas anti-imperialist anti-Japanese War b.前缀auto autobiography autography c.前缀bi- bicentury bilingual

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