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高中英语句子八大成分

高中英语句子八大成分

句子由各个组成部分构成,这些组成部分叫做句子成分。句子成分可分为主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语、表语和同位语等。

一、主语

主语是句子的主体,是句子所要说明的人或事物,表示句子描述的是谁或什么。更确切地说,主语是说明谓语所表示的动作或状态的执行者。主语通常由名词(短语)、代词、数词、动词不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句等充当。

These days, breaking traffic rules and littering are not uncommon, causing serious harm to life and the environment.(2013·安徽高考书面表达) 最近,违反交通规则和乱丢垃圾已是司空见惯,给人们的生活和环境都带来了严重的危害。(动名词作主语)

[即时演练]根据括号内的提示完成句子

1.掌握一门外语对我们的生活非常有帮助。(动名词作主语)

Mastering a foreign_language will be of great help in our life.

2.使我印象最深的是他们都经过了专业培训。(主语从句)

What_impressed_me_most was that they had had professional training.

二、谓语

谓语用来描述主语的行为动作、状态或特征。谓语只能由动词(短语)充当,有人称、数和时态的变化。

I am delighted to know that a famous art exhibition will be organized by the Shanghai Museum and opinions of the public are being collected as to selecting the location for the exhibition, which encourages me to write to express my ideas.(2013·上海高考书面表达)

我非常高兴地得知,上海博物馆将组织一个著名的艺术展览,对于展览的地点正在向公众征求意见,这鼓励我写信来表达我的观点。

[即时演练]根据括号内的提示完成句子

1.他早上七点起床时,脑海里突然有了个大计划。(动词短语作谓语) When he got up at 7:00 am, a big plan occurred_to him.

2.他们会沉迷于电脑游戏,这会对他们的学习有不良影响。(动词短语作谓语)

状语是用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子的一种成分。可以用作状语的有:副词、名词、数词、形容词、不定式、分词、介词短语、独立主格和从句等。

表语与前面的系动词一起构成复合谓语(系表结构),用来说明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份等。可以用作表语的有:名词(短语)、代词、数词、形容词、副词、不定式(短语)、动名词、分词、介词短语和从句等。

The best way to set up a correct outlook on life is to be aware of one's ability, accept one's reality and adopt a positive attitude to one's dreams.(2013·北京高考满分作文)

树立正确人生观的最好方式是了解自己的能力、接受现实并采取积极的态度向着梦想前进。(不定式短语作表语)

对句子中的某一成分作进一步解释、说明,与前面的成分在语法上处于同等地位的句子成分叫做同位语。可以用作同位语的有:名词、代词、数词、介词短语、不定式、动名词和从句等。

In the meantime, those volunteers hold the opposite view that they are fed up with the earth life and eager for living on the Mars.(2013·上海高考书面表达)

同时,那些持相反观点的志愿者认为,他们已经厌倦了地球上的生活,渴望到火星居住。(同位语从句)

[即时演练]根据括号内的提示完成句子

1.我是李华,一位来自中国的中学生。(名词作同位语)

I'm Li Hua, a_middle_school_student_from_China.

2.我认为,我们应该去帮助他们克服目前的困难。(同位语从句)

I hold the opinion that we should go to help them (to) overcome the present difficulty.[综合演练提升]

Ⅱ.按要求完成小作文

Dear Mr. Headmaster,

I'm Li Yue, ①________________________ (高二一班的学生,用名词作同位语). I am writing to draw your attention to improper behaviour,②______________________________ [其中最常见的是随意乱涂(scribble)和乱丢垃圾(litter),用定语从句]. It makes our school ③________________ (脏乱不堪,用形容词作宾补) and does harm to the image of our school. I always feel ashamed ④________________ (每当我看到这点,用状语从句). It is not appropriate ⑤____________________ (对学生来说随意乱涂和乱丢垃圾,用不定式的复合结构作真正主语). I wonder⑥________________________ (是否学校能够放置更多的垃圾箱,用宾语从句) and set up special rules against such behaviour. At the same time, students ⑦________________ (应该鼓励,用被动语态作谓语) to develop

good habits and better behave themselves. I believe that, with the joint efforts of both teachers and students, our school will become ⑧________________ (一个更令人愉快的地方,用名词短语作表语) in the near future. Thank you for your consideration.

Yours faithfully,

Li Yue

答案:

①a student from Class 1, Senior 2

②of which scribbling and littering are the most common

③dirty and unpleasant

④whenever I see this

⑤for a student to litter and scribble

⑥if the school could place more dustbins

⑦should be encouraged

⑧a more enjoyable place

高中英语句子成分详细归纳

英语五种基本句型列式如下: 一:SV(主+谓) 二:SVP(主+系+表) 三:SVO(主+谓+宾) 四:SVoO(主+谓+间宾+直宾) 五:SVOC(主+谓+宾+宾补) 主语:可以作主语的成分有名词(如boy),主格代词(如you),动词不定式,动名词等。主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家! 谓语:谓语由动词构成,是英语时态、语态变化的主角,一般在主语之后。不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语,形成主谓结构,如:We come.

此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。 S│ V(不及物动词) 1. The sun │was shining.太阳在照耀着。 2. The moon │rose. 月亮升起了。 3. The universe │remains. 宇宙长存。 4. We all │breathe, eat, and drink. 我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。 5. Who │cares? 管它呢? 6. What he said │does not matter. 他所讲的没有什么关系。 7. They │talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。 8. The pen │writes smoothly 这支笔书写流利。 此句型的句子有一个共同的特点:句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类:be, look, keep, seem等属一类,表示情况;get, grow, become, turn等属另一类,

高中英语语法精讲:基本句子结构之句子成分

句子成分 构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主语和谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。1)主语(subject) 一般由名词、代词、不定代词或相当于名词的单词或短语来充当,也有从句充当的现象。大多数主语都在句首。比如: 1. The room is very clean. (名词) 2. We often speak English. (代词) 3. To teach them English is my job.(动词不定式) 4. Swimming is good for our health. (动名词) 5. What we need is food. (从句) 6. The poor are everywhere in some countries. (the +形容词) 2)谓语(predicate) 谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态,说明主语“做什么”,“是什么”,“怎么样”。谓语必须是动词,体现时态和语态,一般放在主语之后。谓语分简单谓语和复合谓语: 1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。 如: He practices running every morning. 2、复合谓语: a.由情态动词+动词原形或其他助动词加动词某种形式构成。 如:He can speak English. b. 助动词:帮助构成时态和语态,不同时态有不同的助动词,后加动词的某种形式构成谓语。 He doesn't like speaking Chinese. I have seen the film before. He didn't finish his homework last night. 3) 表语(predicative) 表语用以说明主语是什么或怎么样,它一般位于系动词之后,构成主系表结构,说明主语的状况,性质,特征等。 常见的系动词: 1. 表状态:be 2. 表感官:look, sound, smell, taste, feel 3. 表变化:become, grow, turn, fall, get, go 4. 表持续,保持:keep, remain, stay 5. 表似乎,像:seem,appear 例子:划线部分均为表语: •1. I am a teacher. (名词) •2. I am ten. (数词) •3. He became rich and successful. (形容词) •4. They are at home now. (介词短语) 4)宾语(object) 宾语:表示动作所涉及的对象,内容或承受者。 宾语的种类:动宾:动词+宾语介宾:介词+宾语 例子:划线部分为宾语。 1. He is playing the piano.(名词) 2. He often helps me.(代词)

高中英语句子成分与结构

英语语法 句子的基本结构 一、句子的基本成分 句子的基本成分有以下几种:主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语、同位语。 1、主语:句子的主体,全句述说的对象。一般由名词、代词、不定式、动名词或从句担当,位于句首。 The boy needs a pen. Smoking is bad for you. 2、谓语:说明主语的动作或状态。由动词或系动词加表语担任,常置于主语后。The train leaves at 6 o’clock. She is reading. 3、宾语:表示动作的对象。一般由名词或代词担当,常置于谓语后。 He won the game. He likes playing computer. 4、表语:用以表述主语的特征、状态、身份等。一般由名词或形容词担任,置于系动词之后。 He is a student. We are tired. 注意:除了be 系动词外,还有一些动词也可以用作系动词, 1)表感官的动词: feel, smell, taste, sound, look, appear, seem 等。 2)表转变变化的动词: become, get, grow, turn, go等。 3)表延续的动词: remain, keep, hold, stay, rest等。 5、定语:对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子。 (一)The black bike is mine.(形容词) The boy in blue is Jim.(介词短语) I have nothing to do today.(动词不定式) 注意:1、当定语修饰不定代词如:nothing , anything , everything , something 等时,定语要放在其后作后置定语。例如:I tell him something interesting. 2、不定式、短语或从句作定语时,也放在被修饰的名词之后。例如:The boys who are in the room are playing games. (二)在英语中,如果定语是由一个单词表示时,通常要前置。而由一个词组或一个句子表示时,通常则后置。而以下情况是由单个单词作定语并后置的几种现象 后置定语分为至少6种:现在分词,过去分词,动词不定式,介词短语,形容词及定语从句。过去分词做后置定语通常表被动(即先行词是动作的承受者),可以改写成定语从句,只需添加关系词+谓语动词。 6、状语:用以修饰adj. /v. /adv.及全句,位置灵活。 1、修饰形容词或副词时,通常位于被修饰的词之前; I am very sorry. 2、表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头,强调时放在句首。 In order to cheer him up, I told him the truth.

高中英语句子八大成分

高中英语句子八大成分 句子由各个组成部分构成,这些组成部分叫做句子成分。句子成分可分为主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语、表语和同位语等。 一、主语 主语是句子的主体,是句子所要说明的人或事物,表示句子描述的是谁或什么。更确切地说,主语是说明谓语所表示的动作或状态的执行者。主语通常由名词(短语)、代词、数词、动词不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句等充当。 These days, breaking traffic rules and littering are not uncommon, causing serious harm to life and the environment.(2013·安徽高考书面表达) 最近,违反交通规则和乱丢垃圾已是司空见惯,给人们的生活和环境都带来了严重的危害。(动名词作主语) [即时演练] 根据括号内的提示完成句子 1.掌握一门外语对我们的生活非常有帮助。(动名词作主语) Mastering a foreign_language will be of great help in our life. 2.使我印象最深的是他们都经过了专业培训。(主语从句) What_impressed_me_most was that they had had professional training. 二、谓语 谓语用来描述主语的行为动作、状态或特征。谓语只能由动词(短语)充当,有人称、数和时态的变化。 I am delighted to know that a famous art exhibition will be organized by the Shanghai Museum and opinions of the public are being collected as to selecting the location for the exhibition, which encourages me to write to express my ideas.(2013·上海高考书面表达) 我非常高兴地得知,上海博物馆将组织一个著名的艺术展览,对于展览的地点正在向公众征求意见,这鼓励我写信来表达我的观点。

八大英语句子成分 → 英语句子的八个基本成分

八大英语句子成分→ 英语句子的八个基 本成分 英语句子是构建英语语言的基本单位,它由八个基本成分组成。了解这些成分有助于我们正确理解和使用英语句子。下面是英语句 子的八个基本成分: 1. 主语(Subject):主语是句子中执行动作或被描述的人、物、事物或概念。它通常位于句子的开头,并与动词一起构成谓语部分。例如:Mary *is* a teacher.Mary *is* a teacher. 2. 谓语(Predicate):谓语是句子中描述主语动作、状态或存 在的部分。它通常包含一个动词,但也可能有其他补足成分。例如:Mary *is* a teacher.a teacher. 3. 宾语(Object):宾语是句子中接受动作的人、物、事物或 概念。它通常跟在动词后面,帮助说明动作的目标或作用对象。例如:Mary teaches English.English.

4. 定语(Adjective):定语用来描述或修饰名词或代词。它通常位于名词前面,提供额外的信息或限制名词的范围。例如:The tall man is my brother.The tall man is my brother. 5. 状语(Adverb):状语用来描述或修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。它可以提供时间、地点、方式、原因等方面的信息。例如:He runs quickly.quickly. 7. 状语从句(Adverbial Clause):状语从句是一个句子,用来作为一个整体修饰另一个句子中的动词、形容词或副词。它提供了额外的信息,如时间、条件、目的等。例如:He went to bed after he finished his homework.after he finished his homework. 8. 定语从句(Adjective Clause):定语从句是一个句子,用来修饰名词或代词。它通常用来提供关于名词或代词的进一步描述或限制。例如:The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting.that I bought yesterday is very interesting. 了解和运用这八个基本成分可以帮助我们正确构建和理解英语句子,增强我们的语言表达能力。

英语八大句子成分

英语八大句子成分 英语句子有八大成分,它们分别是:主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、同位语和补语。 一、主语 主语是句子的中心,是句子的表明者,由名词或代词构成,也可由介词短语或名词性从句构成。主语位于谓语之前,它是谓语动词谓语动词所指的人或物。如:Tom likes music。(汤姆喜欢音乐) 二、谓语 谓语是句子的核心,它表示一个动作或一种状态,句子中一般位于主语之后,常由动词构成,也可以是一个动词短语。如:Tom likes music。(汤姆喜欢音乐) 三、表语 表语也称肯定语,作用是对句子的主语做出描述,表语由形容词、副词、介词短语或名词性从句构成,位于谓语动词之后。如:John is a student.(约翰是一名学生) 四、宾语 宾语是动词的受事,由名词或代词构成,位于谓语动词之后。宾语一般代表谓语动词的承受者,一般来说句子中的宾语都在谓语之后,与谓语动词形成主谓结构。如:The teacher taught us English.(老师教我们英语) 五、定语 定语修饰句子中的名词,一般位于名词之前,由形容词、名词所

有格、动名词或介词短语构成,可放在句子中,也可位于句子的末尾。如:This is the man who helped me.(这就是帮助我的人) 六、状语 状语是一个句子的补充成分,它修饰说明句子的时间、地点、原因、条件等状态,由副词、介词短语、状语从句等构成。它多放在句首,有时也放在句子末尾。如:I often go to the library after school.(放学后我经常去图书馆) 七、同位语 同位语是一个名词性成分,用于替代另一个名词,同位语位于句子中,它与主语之间有关联,并对主语作出解释。它可以由名词、代词、形容词、介词短语、分词短语、副词和名词性从句等构成,如:He is a teacher, an occupation he loves.(他是一名老师,是他喜欢的职业) 八、补语 补语是句子的完成成分,用于对谓语动词进行补充,补语可以由形容词、介词短语或名词性从句构成,补语位于谓语动词之后,它对谓语动词作出补充说明。如:Our teacher is very strict with us.(我们的老师对我们要求很严格) 以上就是英语八大句子成分的介绍,有助于我们更好理解英语句子的编写。同时,只有了解了八大句子成分,才能精准无误地使用英语进行表达。 可以看出,掌握英语八大句子成分对于学习英语非常重要,那么,

高中英语句子成分划分详解(全)

Grammar of Unit 1 Different parts of a sentence 概念 句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的。组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分。句子的成分包括:主语、谓语、表语、宾语(直接和间接宾语)、宾语补足语、定语和状语。主语和谓语是句子的主体部分(在英语中,一般句子必须有主语和谓语),表语、宾语和宾语的补足语是谓语里的组成部分。其他成份如定语和状语是句子的次要成分。 ▲句子成分分类 1.主语 主语是谓语讲述的对象,表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定代词或相当于名词的单词或短语来充当,也有从句充当的现象。大多数主语都在句首。如: 讲述“谁”We work in a big factory. 讲述“什么”The classroom is very big. 数词作主语Three are enough. 三个人就够了 不定式作主语To operate on the blind is one of the ORBIS Doctor’s job. 从句作主语What we need is food. 我们最需要的是食物. ▲在“There be …”句型中,主语的位置在中间。如: There are some bottles of milk in the box. ▲在个别句型中,主语在整个句子后面,这时前面用it作形式主语。如: It is very interesting to play the game called “treat or trick”. It took two workers about three months to build the house. 2.谓语 谓语时用来说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”,谓语必须是动词,谓语和主语在“人称”和“数”两方面必须一致。如: He is very generous. She looks very smart and cool We have finished the job. He can speak German. 3.表语 表语说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”,由名词、形容词、介词、副词、不定式及相当于名词的词或短语来充当,它的位置在系动词后面。 形容词作表语You look younger than before. 名词作表语My father is a teacher. 副词作表语Everyone is here. 介词短语作表语They are at the theatre. 不定式作表语My job is to teach them English. 动名词作表语Her job is training the nurses. 从句作表语That is why he didn’t come to school yesterday. 4.宾语

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八大英语句子成分

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八种句子成分英语

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*快学敦肓 中小学1对1个性化教育专家授课内容 上课时间:年月曰时分至时分共小时

快字敎肓 中小学1对1个性化教育专家

、快学敦肓 中小学1对1个性化教育专家 五大基本句型 ①"主+系+表”句型表示句子主体的状态。 He is strong. He is a strong man. Now my dream becomes true. Mr. Wang seems very an gry. You must keep healthy. This kind of cloth feels soft. Her face tur ns red. The flower smells sweet. The day gets Ion ger and Ion ger. He is older than he looks . He see n in terested in the book. The story sounds interesting . The desk feels hard. The cake tastes nice. You have grown taller than before . He has suddenly fallen ill . He stood quite still . He becomes a teacher whe n he grew up. ②“主+谓+宾”句型表示句子主体的动作。 Lei Feng served the people heart and soul. She divorced her husba nd. We n eed hand in our homework now. You should pack your bag quickly. She didn ' t married the foreigner. The mother is dress ing her little son. They found their home easily . They built a house last year . They've put up a factory in the village . You should look after your childre n well . ③“主+谓”句型表示句子主体的动作,但没有宾语。 The delegation has arrived in China. I have waited here for three hours. The great cha nge happe ned in the city. The mach ine works smoothly. They stopped to take a short rest. He is sta nding by the win dow.

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