张培基现代散文精选翻译
不单是诗人，就是被关闭在牢狱里的囚犯，萧索的感触来的，不但是诗人，就是被关闭在牢狱里的囚犯，到了Not only poets, even convicts in prison, I suppose, have deep sentiments in autumn in spite of themselves
秋天，不由自主地In spite of oneself
何尝有国别，更何尝有人种的阶级区别呢Autumn treats all humans alike, regardless of
nationality, race or class.
不过在中国，文字里有一个秋士的成语，读本里有着很普遍的欧阳子的秋声与苏东坡《赤壁赋》等，就觉得中国的文人和秋的关系特别深了However, judging from the Chinese idiom qiushi(autumn scholar, meaning an aged scholar grieving over frustration in his life) and the frequent selection in the textbooks of ouyangxiu’s on the autumn sough and Su Dongpo’s on the red cliff, Chinese men of letters seem to be particularly autumn-minded.
可是这球的深味，尤其是中国的秋的深味，非要在北方，才感受到底But, to know the real flavor of autumn especially china’s autumn, one has to visit the North.
南国之秋，当然有它的特异的地方的，比如二十四桥明月，钱塘江的秋潮，普托上的凉雾，荔枝湾的残荷等等Autumn in the south also has its unique feature such as the moon-lit Ershisi bridge in Y angzhou, the flowing sea tide at Qiantangjiang River, the mist-shrouded Putuo mountain and lotuses at the Lizhiwan Bay.
可是色彩不浓，回味不永。But they all lack strong colour and lingering
flavour.
比起北国的秋来，正像是黄酒之余白干，稀饭之于馍馍，鲈鱼之于大蟹，黄犬之于骆驼。The southern autumn is to the northern autumn what yellow rice wine is to kaoliang wine, congee to steamed buns, perches to crabs, yellow dogs to camels.
秋天，这北国的秋天，若留得住的话，我愿把寿命的三分之二折去，换得一个三分之一的零头。Autumn, I mean northern autumn, if only it could be made to last forever! I would be more than willing to keep but one-third of my life-span and have two-thirds of it bartered for the prolonged stay of the season.
北方的果树，到秋来，也是一种奇景Fruit trees in the North also make a wonderful
sight in autumn.
第一是枣子树；Take jujube tree for example.
屋角，墙头，茅房边上，灶房门口，他都会一株株的长大起来They grow everywhere---around the corner of a house, at the foot of a wall, by the side of a latrine or outside a kitchen door.
像橄榄又像鹅蛋似的这枣子壳儿，在小椭圆形的细叶中间，显出淡绿色微黄的颜色的时候，正是秋的全盛时期；It is at the height of autumn that jujubes, shaped like dates, make their appearance in a light yellowish-green amongst tiny elliptic leaves.
椭圆形的elliptic 在...的高度, 在...的最盛时在...的高潮中at the height of
等枣树叶落，枣子红完，西北风就要起来了，北方便是尘沙灰土的世界，By the time when they have turned ruddy and leave fallen, the north-westerly wind will begin to reign supreme and make a dusty world of the North.
只有这枣子，柿子，葡萄，成熟到八九分的七八月之交,这是北国的清秋的佳日，是一年中最好也没有的golden days Only at the turn of July and August when jujubes, persimmons, grapes are 80-90% ripe will the North have the best of autumn, the golden days in a year.
有些批评家说中国的文人学士，尤其是诗人，都带着很浓厚的颓废色彩，所以中国的诗文里，颂赞秋的文字特别的多Some literary critics say that Chinese literati, especially Chinese poets, are mostly disposed to be decadent, which accounts for predominance of Chinese works singing the praises of autumn.
但外国的诗人又何尝不然？Well, the same is true of foreign poets, isn’t it?
我虽则外国诗文年的不多，也不想开出帐来，作一片秋的诗歌散文钞I haven’t read much of foreign poetry and prose, nor do I want to enumerate autumn-related poems and essays in foreign literature
但你若去一翻英德法意等诗人的集子，或各国的诗文的anthology来，总能够看到许多关于秋的歌颂和悲啼But, if you browse through collected works of English, German, French or Italian poets, or various countries’anthologies of poetry or prose, you can always come across a great many literary pieces eulogizing or lamenting autumn..
各著名的大诗人的长篇田园诗或四季诗里，也总以关于秋的部分，写得最出色而最有味Long pastoral poems or songs about the four seasons by renown poets are mostly distinguished by beautiful moving lines on autumn.
足见又感觉的动物，有情趣的人类，对于秋，总是一样的能特别引起深沉，幽远，严厉萧索的感触来的All that goes to show that all live creatures and sensitive human alike are prone to the feeling of depth, remoteness, severity and bleakness.
说明, 证明go to show
v.有...的倾向于, 易于be prone to/tend to/be apt to/be inclined to/be
disposed to do
秋蝉的衰弱的蝉声更是北国的特产The sporadic feeble chirping of cicadas is
especially characteristic of autumn in the North.
因为北平处处全长着树，屋子又低，所以无论在什么地方，都听得见他们的啼唱。Due to the abundance of trees and the low altitude of dwelling in Peiping, cicadas are audible in every nook and cranny of the city.
无论在什么地方every nook and cranny of
在南方时非要上郊外获山上去才听得到。In the south, however, one cannot hear them
unless in suburbs or hills.
这秋蝉的嘶叫，在北平和蟋蟀耗子一样，简直是家家户户都养在家里的家虫。Because of their ubiquitous shrill noise, these insects in Peiping seem to be living off every
household like crickets or mice v.住在...外, 靠...生活live off
还有秋雨哩，北方的秋雨，也似乎比南方的下的奇，下得有味，下得更像样As for the autumn rains in the north, they also seem to differ from those in the south, being more appealing, more temperate
在灰沉沉的天底下，忽而来一阵凉风，便息列索的下起雨来了。A sudden gust of wind under the slaty sky, and raindrops will start pitter-pattering.
一层雨过后，云间间的卷向了西去，天又青了，太阳又露出脸来了Soon when the rain is over, the clouds begin gradually to roll towards the west and the sun comes out in the blue sky.
著着很厚的青布单衣或夹袄的都市闲人，咬着烟管，在雨后的斜桥影里，上桥头树底下去一立，Some idle townsfolk, wearing lined or unlined clothing made of thick cloth, will come out pipe in mouth and, loitering under a tree by the end of a bridge,
[5lCitE]v.闲荡, 虚度, 徘徊loiter
遇见熟人，便会用了缓慢的悠闲的声调exchange leisurely conversation with
acquaintances with a slight touch of regret at
the passing of time:
有一点 a touch of
哎，天可真凉了---- Oh, real nice and cool!
可不是吗？一层秋雨一层凉了! Sure! Getting cooler with each autumn shower!
在北平，即使不出门去吧，就是在皇城人海之中，租人家一椽破屋住着，Suppose you put up in a humble rented house inside the imperial city, you can, on getting up at dawn,
不出门去put up in
早晨起来，跑一碗浓茶，向院子一坐，你也能看得到很高很高的碧绿的天色，听得到青天下驯鸽的飞声。sit in your courtyard sipping a cup of strong tea, leisurely watch the high azure skies and listen to pigeons circling overhead.
从槐树叶底，朝东细数着一丝丝漏下来的日光，火灾破壁腰中，Saunter eastward under locust trees to closely observe streaks of sunlight filtering through their foliage,
静对着像喇叭似的牵牛花的蓝朵，自然而然的也能够感觉到十分的秋意or quietly watch the trumpet-shaped blue flowers of morning glories climbing half way up a dilapidated wall,
说到了牵牛花，我以为以蓝色或白色者为最佳紫黑色次之。As to morning glories, I like their blue or white flowers best, dark purple ones second best, and pink ones third best.
谈到关于As to
最好，还要在牵牛花底教长着几根疏疏落落得尖细且长的秋草，使作陪衬。It will be most desirable to have them set off by some tall thin grass planted underneath here and there.
陪衬set off
北方的槐树也是一种能使人联想起秋来的点缀。Locust trees in the North, as a decorative
embellishment of nature, also associate us with
autumn.
像花而不是花得落蕊，早晨起来，会铺得满地On getting up early in the morning, you will
find the ground strewn all over with flower-like
pistils fallen from locust trees.
脚踏上去，声音也没有，气味也没有,只能感出一点点极微细极柔软的触觉。Quiet and smelless, they feel tiny and soft underfoot.
扫街的在树影下一阵扫后，灰尘上流下来的一条条扫帚的丝纹，看起来即觉得细腻，又觉得清闲潜意之下还有一种落寞，After a street cleaner has done the sweeping under the shade of the trees, you will discover countless lines left by his broom in the dust, which look so fine and quiet that somehow a feeling of forlornness will begin to creep up on you.
(时间)悄悄地过去creep on
一种落寞 a feeling of forlornness
古人所说的梧桐一叶而天下知秋的遥想，大约也就在这些深沉的地方The same depth of implication is found in the ancient saying that a single fallen leaf from the wutong tree is more than enough to inform the world of autumn’s presence.
Inform sb of sth 通知告诉
秋天，无论在什么地方的秋天，总是好的。Autumn, wherever it is, it always has
something to recommend.
可是，北国的秋，却特别的来得清，来的静，来的悲凉。In north china, however, it is particularly
limpid, serene and melancholy.
[5melEnkEli]n.忧郁adj.忧郁melancholy
[si5ri:n]adj.平静的serene
[5limpid]adj.清澈的limpid
我的不远千里，要从杭州赶上青岛，更要从青岛赶上北平来的理由，也不过想饱尝这“秋”，这故都的秋味To enjoy its atmosphere to the full in the onetime capital, I have, therefore, made light of traveling a long distance from Hangzhou to Qingdao, and thence to Peiping
v.轻视make light of
江南，秋当然也是有的，但草木凋零的慢，空气来的润，天的颜色显得淡，并且又时常多雨而少风There is of course autumn in the South too, but over there plants wither slowly, the air is moist, the sky pallid, and it is more often rainy than windy.
一个人夹在苏州上海杭州，或厦门香港广州的市民中间，混混沌沌的过去，只能感到一点点清凉，秋的味，秋的色，秋的意境和姿态，总看不饱，尝不透While muddling along all by myself among the urban dwellers of Suzhou, Shanghai, Xiamen, Hong Kong, Guangzhou, I feel nothing but a little chill in the air, without ever relishing to my heart’s content the flavor, color mood and style of the season.
秋不是名花，也并不是美酒，那一种半开，半醉的状态，在领略秋的过程中，是不合适的Unlike the famous flowers which are most attractive when half opening, or good wine which is most tempting when one is half drunk,
autumn, however, is best appreciated in its
entirety.
不逢北国之秋，已经十多年了。It is more than a decade since I last saw autumn
in the north.
在南方每年到了秋天，总要想起陶然亭的芦花，钓鱼台的柳影，西山的虫唱，玉泉的夜月When I am in the south, the arrival of each autumn will put me in mind of Peiping’s Tao Ran Ting with its reed catkins, Diao Y u Tai with its shady willow trees, western Hills with their chirping insects, Y uquanshan mountain on a moonlight evening and Tan Zhe Si with its reverberating bell.
v.提醒, 使想起put in mind of
[5kAtkin]n.[植]柔荑花(如柳絮等) catkin
而且三年五载老活着，开花，多么有意思啊How interesting it is to be able to keep my
flowers and plants alive and watch them thrive
and bloom year in year out.
年复一年, 连续多年year in year out
不是乱吹，这就是知识阿。It is no exaggeration to say that there is much
knowledge involved in this!
多学些知识，一定不是坏事And the more knowledge one acquires, the
better it is of course.
我不是有腿病吗，不但不利于行走，也不利于久坐As I have some trouble with my leg, I can’t
move around easily, nor can I sit too long.
我不知道花草们受我的照顾，感谢我不感谢。I don’t know if the flowers and plants under my
care are grateful to me or not
我可得感谢他们However, I wish for my part to acknowledge
my thanks to them.
感谢他们acknowledge my thanks to them.
在我工作的时候，我总是写了几十个字就到庭院中去看看，浇浇这颗，搬搬那盆。I often leave off sedentary work after writing a few dozen words and go to the courtyard to take a look at the flowers, watering them and moving the potted ones.
[5pCtid]adj.盆栽的, 瓶或罐装的, 浓缩的potted
然后回到屋中再写一点，然后再出去Then I’ll return to my room to write a bit more.
如此循环，把脑力劳动和体力劳动结合到一起，有益身心，胜于吃药I’ll go through the same back-and-forth process again and again, thus combining mental with manual labour. This is a better way to keep me fit in mind and body than taking medicine.
有益身心keep me fit in mind and body
要是赶上狂风暴雨或者天气突变阿，就得全家动员，抢救花草，十分紧张。In case of storm or a sudden change of weather, however, the whole family will have to turn out to salvage the flowers and plants. Everybody will feel keyed up.
十分紧张feel keyed up.
几百盆花，都要很快抢到屋里去，使人腰酸腿疼，热汗直流By the time when we have managed to move the several hundred potted flowers to the rooms in a hurry, we will be dog-tired and wet with perspiration.
[`dC^`taIEd]adj.疲倦极的, 筋疲力尽的dog-tired
第二天，天气好转，又把花儿都搬出去，又是一次腰酸腿疼热汗直流。The next day, when the weather is fine, we will have another round of being dog-tired and perspiration in taking all the flowers out to the courtyard again.
可是，这是多么有意思啊。How interesting it is!
不劳动，连颗花也养不活，这不是真理马？Isn’t it true that without doing manual labour,
we couldn’t even keep a single flower alive?
送牛奶的同志，进门就夸好香，这是我们全家都感到骄傲It filled the whole family with pride whenever the milkman exclaims on entering our gate. “What a sweet smell.”
感到昙花开放的时候，约几位朋友来看看,更有秉烛夜游的神气---昙花总在夜里放蕊。When the nigh-blooming cereuses are about to be in flower, we will invite some friends to visit us in evening to feast their eyes on them—in an atmosphere smacking of nocturnal merry-making under candle light..
花儿分跟了，一颗分为数颗，就赠给朋友们一些When the cereuses have branched out, we will
pick some of the flowers and send them as a
present to our friends.
v.饱眼福feast one's eyes on
v.长出枝条, 扩展范围branch out
看着友人拿着自己的劳动果实离开，心里自然喜欢We are of course especially happy to see them
take away our fruits of labour.
我爱花，所以也爱养花I love flowers and hence have taken to growing
them.
v.喜欢take to
我可还没有成为养花专家，因为没有工夫去做研究和试验But, short of time to do research and experiment in flower cultivation, I am no gardener at all.
我只把养花当作生活的一种乐趣I merely take flower cultivation as a pleasure of
life.
花开的大小好坏都不计较，只要开花我就高兴I really don’t care whether or not my flowers
will put forth plump and nice-looking blossom. 开花put forth plump
到夏天，满是花草，小猫儿们只好到房上去玩耍In summer, flowers and plants growing in
luxuriance in my small courtyard will leave
little open space as playground for the little
cats, so they have to sport about in our rooms
instead.
花穗多，但无奇花异草。I grow many flowers, but none of them are
exotic or rare ones.
珍贵的花草不易养活，It is difficult to grow a precious flower species. 看着一颗好花生病欲死是件很难过的事And I feel bad to see a good glower dying of
illness.
我不愿时时落泪，北京的气候，对养花来说，不算很好。I don’t want often to shed tears over that. But
Beijing’s climate is more or less unfit for the
growing of flowers.
不算很好more or less unfit for
冬天冷，春天多风，夏天不是干旱就是大雨倾盆Freezing in winter, windy in spring, and either
too dry or too often visited by rainstorm
秋天最好，可是忽然会闹霜冻。While autumn is the best of all, it is often
plagued by a sudden frost.
在这种气候里，想把南方的好花养活，我还没有那么大的本事。In a climate like this, it is far beyond my capacity to grow precious flowers of southern breed.
所以，我只种一些自己会奋斗的花草。Therefore, I only grow flowers and plants that
are hardy and enjoy a high survival.
不过，尽管花草会自己奋斗，我若置之不理，任其自生自灭，他们多数还是会死了的Although such flowers are able to weather through by themselves, I, however, never ignore them or abandon them to their own fate.
v.度过, 捱过weather through
自生自灭ignore them or abandon them to their own fate. 我得天天照顾他们，向好朋友似的关切他们。I have to care for them everyday as if they were
my close friends.
一来二去我摸着了一些门道。In the course of time, I have somehow got the
hang of flower cultivation.
一来二去In the course of time
有的喜阴，就别放在太阳地里。有的喜干，就别多浇水Some flowers which are accustomed to
growing in the shade should not be too much
exposed to the sun. Those which prefer dryness
should not be watered too often.
这是个乐趣，摸住门道。It gives me much pleasure to know the right
way of handling them.
可是此地的草花很便宜，而且家家有院子，可以花不多的钱而种一院子花，即使算不了什么，可是到底可爱啊。It does not cost very much to plant a whole courtyard to such flowers which, though humble, are nevertheless lovely to look at，
墙上的牵牛，墙根的靠山竹和草茉莉，such as morning glories on the wall, china
pinks at the foot of the wall and
marvels-of-Peru.
n.牵牛花,昙花一现的人(或事物) morning glory
是多么省钱省事而也足以招徕蝴蝶阿！Y et, cheap as they are, they attract butterflies!
至于青菜，白菜，扁豆，毛豆角，黄瓜，菠菜等，大多数都是直接从城外担来而送到家门口的Green vegetables, cabbages, hyacinth beans, young Soya beans, cucumbers, spinach, etc. are often carried straight from the suburbs to your
residential quarters for marketing.
n.住处, 岗位quarters
雨后就菜叶上海往往带有雨时溅起的泥点，Often, leeks from rural farms after a rain still
have specks of mud on their leaves.
青菜摊上的红红绿绿几乎有诗似的美丽。The vegetable stalls are so colorful that they
present a scene of poetic charm.
果自有不少是由西山和北山来的，西山的沙果，海棠，北山的黑枣，柿子，Fruits come mainly from the western and northern suburbs, such as crab apples and cherry apples from the western hills.
n.[植]山楂子crab apple
进了城还带着一层白霜儿啊！Look, how they are still covered with frostlike
bloom when they are put on the market.
哼，美国的橘子包着纸，遇到北平的带霜儿的玉李，还不愧杀Indeed, america’s paper-wrapped oranges will pale beside Peiping’s plums bearing a thin coating of frostlike bloom.
是的，北平是个都城，而能有好多自己产生的花，菜，水果，这就使人更接近了自然The city of Peiping brings its residents into closer contact with nature by growing flowers, vegetables and large quantities of fruits.
从里面说，他没有像伦敦的那些成天冒烟的工厂；从外面说，他紧连着园林菜圃和农村The city proper is not plagued by factory chimneys such as you find in London giving off volumes o smoke all day long. On the outskirts of the city lie numerous flower gardens, vegetable farms and villages.
像，，，，，such as you find in
采菊东篱下，在这里，确实可以悠然现南山的；An ancient Chinese poet by the name of Tao
Y uan Ming says aptly in one his famous poems,
“plucking chrysanthemums under the eastern
hedge, I calmly view the southern hills.”
adv.适当地, 适宜地aptly
大概把“南”字变个“西”或“北”字，也没有多少不得了的吧。To adapt it to life in Peiping, I might as well substitute the word “western” or “northern” for the word “southern” in the line
像我这样一个贫寒的人，或许也只有在北平才能享一点清福了Peiping is probably the only place for a man of limited means like me to live an easy and carefree life in.
享一点清福live an easy and carefree life
贫寒的人 a man of limited means
adj.无忧无虑的, 轻松愉快的, 不负责的carefree[5keEfri:]
心中完全舒适，无所求也无可怕，像小儿安睡在摇篮里。Thus I can enjoy a perfect inner calm, free from
any desire or fear, like a child sleeping
peacefully in the cradle.
北平也有吵闹的地方，但是他和太极拳很相似，动中有静。There are bustling places in Peiping, to be sure, but like traditional Chinese shadow boxing Tai Ji Quan, the city retains its stillness in the midst
of motion.
动中有静retains its stillness in the midst of motion. 自然, 固然to be sure
巴黎有很多地方很疲乏，所以咖啡和酒是必要的，以便刺激；在北平，又温和的香片茶就够了While Parisians have to turn to coffee or wine for the relief of boredom caused by so many wearisome places in their city, the mild beverage o jasmine tea will be more than adequate for dwellers of Peiping..
论说巴黎的布置已比伦敦罗马匀调多了，可是比上北平还差点事儿。Though Paris has a better layout than London or Rome, it nevertheless cannot compare with Peiping.
北平在人为之中显出自然，几乎是什么地方即不挤得慌，又不太僻静The city as a whole is neither too crowded nor too secluded.
最小的胡同里的房子也有院子和树，Even houses tucked away in very small lanes
have their own courtyard and trees.
最空旷的地方也距离买卖街和居民区不远。Even the most secluded places are situated
within a stone’s throw of business or residential
districts.
这种分配法可以算---在我经验中----天下第一了Such a layout is, to my mind, without equal all
over the world.
北平的好处不在处处设备的完全，而在于它处处有空，可以使人自由的喘气，不再有好些美丽的建筑，而在建筑的四周都有空闲的地方However, what distinguishes Peiping is not the perfect layout, but the open spaces here and there where people can breathe freely; not the many beautiful buildings, but the open grounds around each building which add to its architectural beauty.
每一个城楼，每一个牌楼都可以从老远就看见Each gate tower of the city wall and each pailou
can be seen from afar.
况且在街上还可以看到北山和西山呢And the Northern and Western hills are visible
to people in the open streets
好学的，爱古物的，人们自然喜欢北平，因为这里书多古物多。Those who are fond of studying and collecting curios will naturally be drawn to Peiping, which is remarkable for its rich store of books and curios..
我不好学，也没钱买古物Personally I am not given to studying, nor do I
have spare money to buy curios.
喜欢, 癖好be given to
对于物质上，我却喜欢北平的话多采多果子多。But I am keen on the flowers, vegetables and
fruit which grow in rich abundance in Peiping. v.喜爱be keen on
花草是种费钱的玩意儿，Gardening is something very expensive.
伦敦，巴黎，罗马和堪斯坦丁宝曾被称为欧洲的四大都London, Paris, Rome, and Constantinople are
城known as the four major “historic capitals”of
Europe.
我知道一些伦敦的情形，巴黎与罗马只是到过而已，堪斯坦丁宝根本没去过。I know something about London; I have been to Rome and Paris briefly; I have never been to Constantine at all.
就伦敦，巴黎和罗马来说，巴黎更近似北京---虽然近似两字都拉扯得很远Of all these cities, Paris has the closest affinity with Peiping(the word “affinity”may perhaps sound a bit far-fetched)
更近似has the closest affinity with
不过，假使让我家住巴黎，我一定会和没有家一样Nevertheless, if I make my home in Paris, I
would feel very lonely as if I had no home at
all.
巴黎，据我看，还太热闹As far as I know, Paris is too much of a bustling
town.
自然，那里也有空旷寂静的地方，可是又未免太旷It does have quiet open spaces, but they smack
of mere expanses of vacancy.
带有...味道有点象smack of
不像北平那样复杂而且有个边际,使我能摸着Peiping is complicated and tangible.
那长着红酸枣的老城墙，I can feel the red jujubes growing on the
ancient city walls.
枣jujube
面向积水潭，背后是城墙，坐在石上看水中的小蝌蚪或苇叶上的嫩蜻蜓，我可以快乐的坐上一天，心中完全舒适I can spend a whole day enjoying myself sitting on a rock to observe tiny tadpoles or tender dragonflies on reeds while facing me lies Ji Shui Tan pond and right behind me rises the high city wall.
可是我真爱北平。这个爱几乎是要说而说不出来的，我爱我的母亲，但怎样爱，说不出I do cherish, however, the genuine love for Peiping----a love that is almost as inexpressible as my love for mother.
在我想做一件事讨他老人家欢心的时候，我独自微笑着；在我想到他的健康而不放心的时候，我欲落泪I smile when I think of something I can do to please mother; I feel like crying when I worry about mother’s health.
言语是不够表现我的心情的，只有独自微笑落泪才足以把内心揭露在外面一些来Words fail me where silent smiles and tears well express my innermost feelings.
be true of 对...适用, 符合于
我之爱北平也近乎这个The same is true of my love for Peiping.
夸奖这个古城的某一点是容易的，可是那就把北平看得太小了I will fail to do justice to this ancient city if I should do no more than extol just one certain aspect o it.
我所在的北平不是枝枝节节的一些什么，而是整个儿和我的心灵粘合的一段历史，一大块地方。The Peiping I love is not something in bits and pieces, but a phase of history and a vast tract of land completely bound up with my heart.
多少风景名胜，从雨后什刹海的蜻蜓一直到我梦里的玉泉山的塔影都凑集到一块儿，Many scenic spots and historical sites from the dragonflies in the Shi Sha Hai after the rain to
the Y u Quan Shan Mountain with the dream pagoda on top---all merge into a single whole.
每一小件事件中有个我，我的每一个思念中有北平，我之友说不出而已I associate myself with everything in Peiping no matter how trivial it is; Peiping is always in my mind
真愿成为诗人，把一切好听好看的字都浸在自己的心血里，像杜鹃似的啼出北平的俊伟If only I were a poet so that, with all the sweet and beautiful words at my command, I could sing of the grandeur of Peiping in as longing a note as that of a cuckoo!
adv.可自由支配at one's command 歌颂, 唱歌庆贺sing of
我将永远道不出我的爱，一种像有音乐和图画所引起的爱I shall never be able to express my love---the kind of love as inspired by music or painting.
这不但辜负了北平也对不住我自己，因为我是最初的知识与印象都得自北平That is quite a letdown to both Peiping and myself, for it is to this ancient city that I owe what I have within me, including my early knowledge and impression as well as much of my character and temperament
我不能爱上海天津，因为我心中有个北平I can never become attached to either shanghai
or Tianjin. I can’s tell why.
我在墓的两旁还移种了两株稚松把它伴守，On either side of the grave, I transplanted two
saplings to keep it company
陪伴keep it company
我今朝回想起来，又一人走来凭吊This morning, recalling the grave, I went to pay
a visit to it.
但我已经走遍了这茫茫的松原，我的坟墓究竟住到哪里去了呢？But the grave was nowhere to be found though, I searched every nook and corner of the dense forest. Where was it gone to?
到处, 每一个角落every nook and corner
啊，死了的我昨日的尸骸哟，哭墓的是你自己的灵魂，我的坟墓究竟去了那里？O ye remains of my yesterday’s dead self, it was your own soul that had come to mourn at the grave. Where was my grave gone to?
设若让我写一本小说，以北平作背景，我不至于害怕，因为我可以捡我知道的，I have no misgivings about writing a novel with Peiping as its background because I can choose o write about what I am most familiar with while shying away from what is less known to me.
疑虑, 担忧, 害怕misgivingsn.
让我单摆浮阁的讲一套北京，我没办法But I shall be at a complete loss if I should be
called upon to write exclusively about Peiping.
北平的地方那么大，事情那么多，我知道得真觉太少了，虽然我生在那里，一直到27岁才离开Peiping is so big and multifaceted that very little of it, I believe is known to me though I was born and brought up there and never went away until I was 27.
多方面的：multifaceted
以名胜说，我没到过陶然亭，这多可笑Just fancy that I have neglected to visit Tao Ran
Ting, a local scientific attraction!
这多可笑，，，Just fancy that
没到过neglected to visit
以此类推，我所知道的那点，只是“我的北平”，而我的北平大概等于牛的一毛It follows that, in contrast with Peiping in its entirety , what little I know about it is probably a mere drop in the ocean
和...形成对比［对照］in contrast with
以此类推It follows that,
牛的一毛 a mere drop in the ocean
天空一片灰暗，没有丝毫的日光The sky was a sheet of murky grey, completely
devoid of sunlight
没有丝毫的completely devoid of
海水的蓝色浓得惊人The sea was a ghastly dark blue
舔岸的微波突出群鱼喋嗡的声韵The gentle waves licking at the shore gave forth
a humming sound like that of fish in shoals
这是暴风雨的来临先兆All that foreboded a storm
海中的岛屿和乌木的雕刻一样静凝着了Some isles in the sea stood quiet and still like
ebony sculptures
ebony [5ebEni]n.黑檀树, 乌木, 乌梅adj.乌木制的,
黑檀的
我携着中食的饭匣向沙岸上走来，在一只泊系着渔舟里面坐着I walked towards the sandy beach carrying my lunch box and then sat inside a fishing boat moored at the seashore.
一种淡白无味的凄凉情趣---我把饭匣打开，又闭上了What a insipid and dreary scene! I opened the
lunch box only to have it covered up again. [in5sipid]adj.没有味道的, 平淡的insipid
v.掩盖cover up
回头望见松原里的一座孤寂的火葬场Looking back, I caught sight of a lonely
crematorium looming out of a pine wood.
火葬场crematorium
红砖砌成的高耸的烟囱上，冒出了一笔灰白色的飘忽的青烟Its towering red-brick chimney was giving off wisps of grayish smoke.
昨朝我一个人在松林里徘徊，在一颗老松树下戏筑了一座沙丘/ Y esterday morning, while wandering about alone in the pine forest, I amused myself by piling up a small sand hill under an old pine tree.
我说，这便是我自己的坟墓了Let this be my own grave
我便见了一块石头来写上了我自己的名字，把来做了墓碑Picking up a piece of white stone, I scribbled my name on it and said, let this be my own gravestone
墓碑gravestone
我们伟大的祖国是有写短文的文学传统的。Our great motherland is known for its literary
tradition of short essays.
你看那包括上下五千年的古文观止，上起东周，下迄明末，共选辑文章220篇，有几篇是长的？Do you find anything unduly long in a treasury of best ancient Chinese prose with its 220 essays selected from a period of several thousand years in ancient china from the Eastern Zhou dynasty down until the end of the Ming dynasty?
如杜牧的《阿房宫》，韩愈的《祭十二郎文》等等，那一片不是短而充满了真情实感？Aren’t the essays in it, like Du Mu’s
今人巴金的《随感录》不也是一个实例吗？Isn’t a collection of thoughts by Ba Jin, our
contemporary, another like example of pithy
writing
pithy [5piWi]adj.有髓的, 精练的
清晨往松林里去散步，我在林荫路畔发现了一束被人遗弃了的蔷薇。Rambling through a pine forest early in the morning, I came across a bunch of forsaken roses lying by the shady wayside.
蔷薇的花色还是鲜艳的，一朵紫红，一朵嫩红，以多时病黄的象牙色中带着几分血晕They were still fresh in colour. One was purplish-red, another pink, still another a sickly ivory-yellow slightly tinged with blood-red
我把蔷薇拾在手里了I picked them up in my hand
青翠的叶上已经凝集着细密的露珠，这显然是昨夜被人遗弃了的。The numerous dewdrops on the fresh green leaves clearly show that the roses had just been cast away the previous night.
这是可怜的少女受了薄幸的男子的欺贻？还是不幸的青年受了轻狂的少妇的玩弄呢？Were they pitiful maidens deflowered by fickle men? Or were they unlucky young men fooled by frivolous women?
昨晚上甜蜜的私语，今朝的冷清的露珠Last night’s whispers of love; this morning’s
drops of cold dew
我们这所大房子里至少也有五六十盏灯The whole big house at least had total of some
60 electric lamps
第一夜亮起来，真是灯火辉煌，我们孩子都拍手欢呼The first evening when they were turned on, the
whole house was suddenly ablaze with lights.
We kids clapped with joy.
ablaze [E5bleiz]adj.adv.着火的, 激动的, 闪耀的
但是电门是安在祖父的屋里的。The master switch was fixed in grandpa’s room. master switch 总开关
祖父起得很早的也睡得很早，每晚九点他就上床了。他上床之前，就把电闸关上，于是整个大家庭就是黑沉沉的一片Grandpa kept early hours, would switch off all the lights when he went to bed at 9 o’clock in the evening, thus plunging the whole big house into deep darkness.
早睡早起Keep early hours
我们刚到老家，我们很少在晚上9点前睡觉的。Having just set foot in our old home, we
seldom slept before 9 o’clock in the evening. v.进入踏进set foot in
父母亲和兄弟妯娌都有许多别情要叙，我们一般兄弟姐妹们也在一起玩的正起劲For it was but natural that after the long separation, my parents enjoyed hearty chats about the old days with their brothers and in-laws, and we kids of younger generation played about together to our heart’s content
达到...的心意, 博得...人的心to one's heart
于是每晚在酒店以前，每个小家庭都在一两间屋里，点上一盏捻的很暗的煤油灯。Hence, in anticipation of the sudden blackout at 9 o’clock, each small family would get a dimly-lit kerosene lamp ready in a couple of their rooms.
预计到in antic ipation of
一到9点，电灯一下子都灭了，这几盏煤油灯便都捻亮了。No sooner had the big house been blacked out at the hour that we turned up the wicks of all the kerosene lamps.
wick [wik]n.蜡烛心, 灯芯, 油绳vt.通过毛细作用
带走
大家相视而笑，又都在灯下谈笑玩耍And, looking and smiling at each other, we
would continue to chat and play merrily by the
light of the kerosene lamps
只有在这个时候，我才体会到我们这个大家庭是一个整体，而祖父是一家之主It was only then that I realized what a complete whole our big family was, with grandpa as its head.
可能是我精气神都不足吧，不但自己写不出长的东西，我读刊物的时，也总是先挑短的看，不论是小说，散文，或是其他的文学形式，最后才看长的Perhaps due to my failing energies, not only have I refrained from writing anything long, but also, in reading a magazine, for example, I usually finish its shorter pieces of writing first, be they fiction, prose or any other forms of literature, before going on to the longer ones.
我总觉得，凡是为了非倾吐不可而写的作品都是充满了真情实感的。I always believe that anything written in irresistible inner urge to unbosom oneself must be full of genuine feelings.
表明心事unbosom oneself
反之，只是为写作而写作，如上之为应付编辑朋友，下之为多拿稿费,这类文章大都尽量往长里写，On the contrary, if one write simply for the sake of writing-say to humor one’s editor friends, or worse still, to earn more remuneration, one will most probably make his writings unnecessarily long until they become,
结果是即便有一点点地感情，也被冲洗到水分太多，淡而无味的地步despite what little feelings they may contain, inflated and wishy-washy.
当由一个人物，一庄事迹，一幅画面而发生的真实情感，卷到你面前的怒潮，When true emotions
向你袭来的时候，就像一根扎到你心尖上的长针，一阵aroused by a person, an event or a scene come
upon you like a pin pricking your heart or an
angry tide surging threateningly before you,
你只能用对真切，最简练的文字，才能描画出你心尖上的那一阵剧痛和你面前的那一刹惊惶all you can do is use the most vivid and succinct language to describe the severe pain in your heart or the momentary feeling of panic caused by the angry tide.
1911年的秋天，我们从山东烟台回到福州老家。In the autumn of 1911, we returned from Y antai
of Shandong Province to our native place
Fuzhou.
在还乡的路上，母亲和父亲一再的叮嘱我，“回到福州住在大家庭里，不能再像野孩子似的了，一切都要小心”While on the way, my parents warned me again and again, “since we’’ be living in a big family in Fuzhou, remember always to behave properly and never act like naughty child.”
对长辈们不能没打煤销的，祖父是一家之主尤其要尊敬Show respect for your elders, particularly your
grandpa, who is head of the family
到了福州，在大家庭里住了下来，我觉得我在归途中的担心是多余的After settling down in the big family in Fuzhou, however, I found my previous worries on the way turned out to be unfounded.
祖父，伯父母，叔父母和堂姐妹兄弟，都没有把握党作野孩子，大家也都亲昵平等My grandpa, uncle, aunties and cousins never thought me a naughty child. We treated each other lovingly and equally
并没有什么规矩There never existed anything like “family rules
for good behavior.”
我还觉得我们这个大家庭是几个小家庭得很松散的组合。每个小家庭都各住各的，各吃各的I also found that the big family was a loose community of several smaller ones, which lived and ate separately.
他们都有各自的亲人和朋友，比如说他们就有各自的外婆家They each had their own relatives and friends, for example, their own in-laws.
又在这一年，也许是第二年吧，福州有了电灯公司，我们这所大房子里也安上电灯That year or the year after, Fuzhou had its own power company and electric lights were to be installed in our big house too.
这在福州也是一件新鲜事That was something new in our home town
我们这般孩子跟着安装的工人满房子跑，非常的兴奋欢喜We kids, wild with excitement and joy, ran here and there in the house at the heels of the electricians.
at heel adv.=at one's heel跟在后面
我记得电灯时从房顶上吊下来的，每间屋子都有一盏Each room, I remember, had an electric lamp
hanging from the ceiling.
厅堂上和课室里的是五十支光，卧房里的光小一些。The drawing room had a 50-watt bulb; the
bedrooms each a lower-wattage one; the
kitchens each an even-lower-wattage one
我把蔷薇拿到家里来了，想找个花瓶来供养他。I brought the roses back to home, and tried to
find a flower vase to keep them in.
花瓶我没有，我在一只墙角上寻着了一个断了颈子的盛酒的土瓶Flower vase I had none, but I did find in the nook of my room an empty earthen wine bottle with its neck broken.
花瓶我没有（常见于文学章体中）Flower vase I had none
阿，蔷薇，我虽然不能供养你以春酒，但我要供养你以清洁的流泉，清洁的素心O, my dear roses, though I cannot treat you with spring wine, I could offer you the limpid spring water and my sincere pure heart.
你在这土瓶里不免要凄凄寂寂的飘零，但比遗弃在路旁被人践踏了的好吧？Wouldn’t it be better for you to wither away in solitude in this broken earthen wine bottle than to lie abandoned by the roadside and be trodden down upon
我携着3个孩子在屋后的草地上嬉戏玩耍，夕阳正绕着海上的天壁，眉痕的新月已经出现在鲜红的云缝里了。While my three kids, accompanied by myself, were frolicking about on the meadow behind our house, the sky above the distant edge of the sea was aglow with the setting sun and the crescent new moon was already peeping out from behind the scarlet clouds
草原中放牧着的几条黄牛，不时曳着悠长的鸣声，好像在叫他们的主人快来牵他们回去。A few cows grazing on the pasture let out a long drawn-out moo now and then as if they were urging their master to lead them home as quickly as possible.
我们的两匹母鸡和几只鸡雏，先先后后的丛邻寺的墓地跑回来了Our two mother hens and their baby chickens were scurrying homewards one after another from the graveyard of the nearby monastery.
立在厨房内的孩子们的母亲向门外的沙地上撒了一把米粒出来The kids’ mother, standing be the kitchen door, sprinkled a handful of rice onto the sandy ground in the open.
母鸡们咯咯的叫了起来，鸡雏门也啾啾的争起食来了At the clucking of the hens, the chicks
scrambled for the feed, chirping.
scramble for v.争夺, 勉强拼凑
今年的成绩真好呢，竟然养大了十只We’ve done quite well this year, with ten chicks
growing fast, beamed my wife.
beam vt.微笑德说
许久储蓄在心理的诗料，今晨在理发店里又浮上来了My long pent-up poetic emotion emerged again
this morning at the hairdresser’s
你年轻的，年轻的，远隔河山的姑娘哟，你的名姓我不知道，请恕我只能这样叫你了O young lady, you young lady in the distant land. Excuse me for addressing you as “young lady ”, for your name is still unknown to me
那回是春天的晚上吧，你替我剪了发，替我刮了面，替我盥洗了，又替我涂了香膏It probably on a spring evening. Y ou cut my hair, shaved my face, gave me a shampoo and applied some vanishing cream
你最后替我分头的时候，我在镜中看见你替我拔去了一根白发Finally, in the mirror I saw you plucking out a white hair from my head while paring my hair
[5vAnIFIN]n.粉底霜；雪花膏vanishing cream
阿，你年轻的，年轻的，远隔河山的姑娘哟，漂泊者，自从那回离开你后，有飘泊了3年，O young lady, you young lady of the distant land, I have been leading a wandering life for another three years since I saw you last,
但是你的慧心，替我把青春留住了but it is your feeling heart that has been the
cause of my sustained youth
这次，我不但到了福州，还到了漳州，泉州，厦门，鼓浪屿，，，那是祖国的南疆了This time I have not only visited Fuzhou, but Zhangzhou, Quanzhou, Xiamen and Gulangyu----the southern frontiers of our country.
在厦门前线，我还从望远镜里看见了金门岛上的行人和牛，看得很清楚，，，At the Xiamen seaside, I could see clearly through a telescope pedestrians and cows on the Quemoy islands
回忆中的情景很多，在此就不一一描写了。My experiences of this trip, however, are too
numerous to be recounted one by one here.
总之，我很喜欢我的父母之乡，那边是南国风光，山是青的，水是绿的，消息更是清可见底Anyway, I deeply love Fuzhou, my ancestral home. Over there we have the typical southern scenery with blue mountains, green waters, limpid brooks,,,
院里四季都有花开There in the courtyard we can always see some
kind of flower in full bloom throughout the
year.
in full bloomadv.开着花
水果是从枇杷，荔枝，龙眼，一直吃到福橘。Fruits ranging from loquats, lichees, longans to
tangerines are in plenty.
对于一个孩子来说，还有什么比这个更惬意呢Is there anything else more palatable to a child
than these fruits?
我在故乡走的地方不多I did not visit all the local attractions in Fuzhou. 但是古迹，侨乡，到处可见，福建华侨，遍于天下。Everywhere we could find historical relics as
well as villagers ad towns inhabited by relatives
of overseas Chinese and returned overseas
chinese. The Fujianese expatriates are found all
over the world.
我所到过的亚非欧美各国都见到了辛苦创业的福建侨民，握手之余，情溢言表。They have mostly started from scratch by the sweat of their brow. When I met some of them on my visits to Asian, African, European and American countries, they all expressed warm feelings towards me while shaking my hand
在他们家里，店里，吃着福州菜，喝着茉莉花茶，使我觉的作为一个福建人是四海都有家的As I ate Fuzhou good and sipped jasmine tea in their homes or shops, I felt that being a Jujianese, I could make myself at home wherever I traveled in the world.
我的父母之乡是很可爱的。My ancestral home is so endearing
有人从故乡来，或是有朋友新近到福州去，我都向他们问起福州的近况。Whenever I meet somebody hailing from Fuzhou or a friend who has recently been there,
I always inquire of them about the present
conditions in Fujian,
hail fromv.来自
他们说，福建比起二十年前来，进步的不可辨认了They all tell me that compared with two
decades ago, Fujian has made so much progress
that it is now almost beyond recognition
最近呢，农业科学化了，又在植树造林，山岭田地更加郁郁葱葱了Recently I learned that people there have gone for scientific farming and afforestation so that vegetation has appeared on all mountains and fields.
他们都动员我回去看看People have been advising me to pay another
visit to my old home.
我何尝不想呢？Y es, I am more eager to do so.
不但我想，在全世界天涯海角，更不知有多少人在想！And so are my numerous fellow townsmen in
all corners of the world.
我愿和故乡的人，以及普天下的福建侨民，一同在精神和物质文明方面把故乡建设得更美好I hope that together with all the people in my home town as well as overseas Chinese from Fujian, I can do my bit to make a still better place of my ancestral home, both materially and culturally.
我的父母之乡The land of my parents
福建福州市永远都是我的故乡Fuzhou of Fujian province will always be my
old home.
虽然我不在那里生长，但它是我的父母之乡Although I was brought up elsewhere, Fuzhou
is nonetheless the land of my ancestors.
到今日为止，我一生中只会去过两次As yet, I have been back to Fuzhou no more
than twice in my lifetime.
第一次是1911年，是在冬季。I made my first trip in the winter of 1911.
从严冷枯黄的北方归来，看到展现在我眼前的青山碧水，红花绿叶，使我惊讶而欢喜！Returned from the bitter cold North with its drabs and dried up vegetation, I was amazed and delighted when greeted by the charming scenery of sapphire mountains and emerald rivers as well as red flowers and green leaves.
我觉得我的生命的风帆，已从蔚蓝的海，驶进了碧绿的江I felt the sailing boat of my life steering its way into the green River after leaving the blue sea behind.
这天我们在闽江口从大船下到小船，驶到大桥头，来接我们的伯父堂兄把我们包围了起来，他们用乡音和我的父母热烈的交谈At the Minjiang river, we changed the big ship to a small boat, which took us to DaqiaoTou(big bridge), where we were met by Uncle and cousins. They gathered round us and talked warmly with my parents in the local dialect
我的五岁的大弟弟悄悄得用山东话问我说，他们怎么都会说福州话？Thereupon, my five-year-old younger brother whispered in my ears with a Shandong accent,
“how come they can speak Fuzhou dialect”
因为从来在我们姐弟的心里，福州话是最难懂难说的！We had both thought that the Fuzhou dialect
was indeed most difficult for anyone to learn.
在这以后一年多的时间里，我们就过起了福州城市的生活From then on, we have lived an urban life in Fuzhou city for more than one year.
新年，元宵，龙舟，中秋，，，岁时节日，吃得晚的都是十分的有趣During such festivals as Lunar year New year, Dragon Boat and Mid-autumn, we all celebrated the festivities with plenty of food and fun.
特别是灯节，那时我们家住在南后街，那里是灯市的街，元宵前后,花市灯如昼，灯影下人流潮涌Particular mention, however, should be made of the Lantern festival when Nanhoujie, the street known for its lantern fair and also the street where we lived, became as bright as broad daylight at night with myriads of lanterns and streams of spectators.
那光明绚丽的情景就说不尽了The splendor and magnificence of the scene is
beyond all description
第二次回去是在1956年，也是冬天I made the second visit in 1956, also in winter.
那时还没有鹰厦铁路，我们人大代表团是从江西坐汽车进去的As the yingtan to Xiamen railway was not built yet, the NPC delegation, with myself as a member, had to go from Jiangxi province by car.
一路上红土公路，道滑如拭，我还没有看见过土铺的公路，维修的这样平整的The highway from Jiangxi to Fuzhou, paved with red soil, was as smooth as a mirror. It was the most level soil-paved highway I had ever seen
寒暑表降到了冰点零下18度的时候，我们也是在廊下睡觉The thermometer dropped to 18 degrees below zero, but we still chose to sleep in the porch as usual.
每夜最熟识的就是天上的星辰了。In the evening, the most familiar sight to me
would be stars in the sky.
也不过是点点闪烁的光明而相看惯了，偶然不见，也有些想望和无聊。Though they were a mere a sprinkle of twinkling dots, yet I become so accustomed to them that occasional absence would bring me loneliness and ennui.
ennui [5Cnwi:]n.倦怠, 厌倦
连夜雨雪，一点星光都不见。It had been snowing all night, not a single star
in sight.
荷和我拥衾对坐，在廊子的两角。My roommate and I, each wrapped in a quilt,
were seated apart in a different corner of the
porch, facing each other and chatting away.
荷指着说，你看维纳斯升起来了！She exclaimed pointing to something afar,
“ Look, V enus is rising!”
我抬头望时，却是山路转折处的路灯。I looked up and saw nothing but a lamp round
the bend in a mountain path.
我依然一笑，也指着对山的一星灯火说，那时丘比特呢！I beamed and said pointing to a tiny lamplight
on the opposite mountain, that’s Jupiter over
there!
愈指愈多，More and more lights came into sight as we
kept pointing here and there
松林中射来凌乱的风灯，都成了满天星宿Lights from hurricane lamps flickering about
the pine forests created the scene of a
star-studded sky.
star-studded adj.布满星星的，星光灿烂的群星汇聚的，明
星荟萃的
真的，雪花隙里，看不出天空和森林的界限，把繁灯当作繁星，简直是抵的过With the distinction between sky and forest obscured by snowflakes, the numerous lamp-lights now easily passed for as many stars.
pass for v.被称为, 被看作
一念至诚的将假作真，灯光似乎都从地上飘起Completely lost in the make-believe world, I
seemed to see all the lamplights drifting from
the ground.
make-believe [`meIkbI9li:v]n.虚假, 伪装, 虚伪(的人)adj.虚
假的, 虚伪的
这幻成的星光，都不移动不必半夜梦醒时，再去追寻他们的位置With illusory stars hanging still overhead, I was spared the effort of tracing their positions when I woke up from my dreams in the dead night.
于是雨雪寂寞之夜，也有了慰安了。Thus I found consolation even on a lonely
snowy night!
门前的麦垄和葡萄架子，都翟的心慌嫩绿的非常鲜丽Washed by the rain, the wheat fields and grape
trellises in front of the cottage door presented a
picturesque scene and vivid yellow and tender
green
一小会儿好容易雨晴了，连忙走下坡儿去。After a while, it cleared up at long last and I
hurried down the slope.
迎头看见月儿从海面上来了，猛然记的有件东西忘下了，Up ahead I saw the moon rising high above the
sea. Suddenly it occurred to me that I have left
something behind
站住了，回过头来，这茅屋里的老妇人---他倚着门儿，抱着花儿，向我微微的笑。I stopped and turned around, my eyes fell on an old woman at her cottage door smiling at me, a bunch of flowers in her arms.
这同样微妙的神情，好似游丝一般，飘飘漾漾的合了陇来，绾在一起。The three subtle smiles, drifting in the air towards each other like gossamer, became interwoven.
这时心下光明澄净，如登仙界，如归故乡。At this moment all was bright, clear and calm
in my heart. I felt as if I were ascending to
heaven or on the way back to my hometown.
张培基英译现代散文选1
张培基英译现代散文选1 1. Phrasal Expression & Words …amid(st) thun derous applause a bare subsistence A be characteristic of B = B be characterized by A A bend in a river / mountain A blind alley A brass drum 小铜鼓 A bygone age a clot of blood A cobbled path A con fused mass of … A faint scent of A forgone conclusion 预料中的必然结局A hired hand on contract A jumble of … 一大堆 A keen sense of A long-timer of Beijing A loose community of smaller family A man of profound learning A mere drop in the ocean A niche in the temple of fame A passing glance A philosophical approach to life a positive outcome A scene of poetic charm A sensation of blissfulness A speck of mud A stone's throw A trace / shade / tint/ sprinkle of … aptly 恰如其分地Art troupe 文工团At a stretch/sitting At one'scommand at the present moment Avaricious desires 贪念 Bark up the wrong tree 攻击错了目标 bashful Bask in the sunshine Be ablaze/aglow with light be advanced in years be an encumbrance to … Be beset/troubled with/by Be blurred by … Be bogged down = be trapped Be bound up with …密切关联be central/indispensable to sb. Be cooped up = be caged be deeply grieved to learn of … be distinguished by Be en grossed in … Be exquisite and nicely arranged be forever cherished / treasured Be hale and hearty Be havened from be humanly impossible Be imprinted/carved/engraved/ingrained on/upon … be in a fix Be instrumental in 交织着 be irrelevant / foreign to Be keenly aware of be keyed up 紧张Be led by the nose be of southern breed Be off and on be on an equal footing with … Be on the lips of … Be on the minds of.. be out to do … be overgrown with wild woods be packed with … Be plagued = annoyed = upset Be possessed Be possessed of be reconciled to … be reduced to be saddled with be sent to gallows Be short of/devoid of Be shrouded in = be covered in = be enveloped in Be sloppy in thinking Be strewn/covered/festooned with … Be stumped by = baffled Be tantamount to ??= equal Be tinted / colored by … Be troubled / seized with … Be tucked away in … Be weaned 断奶 Be weighed down/ troubled with be wet with perspiration/ … Be wide of / far from the mark 离谱 Be wild with excitement / joy Be worthy of … 无愧于 Beam = a big smile on face Bear a thi n coati ng of … begin by degrees 逐渐开始 Beguile = while / idle / fritter away Bibliomania bicker Birds of a feather flock together Blackout: (战时)灯火管制 Blurt 脱口而出bookish / pedantic / impractical view Border sth on the west boudoir 闺房 Bountiful free gifts Bow down to Brazenly claim / credit 厚颜无耻邀功 Break into uncontrolled sobs Brilliant talent burst with vitality Bury the hatchet Button up clothes By dint of 凭借Capon Carcass: slaughtered animal for food Cavernous mouth Chant ancient Chinese books 诵读古籍 chicken-and-egg 因果难断的 Chit chat Click away the seconds Come dimly into sight Come out exceedingly well Come to pass 出现，发生 Come up against Come upon a windfall Come/be of age A Treasury of Best Chinese Prose 古文观Be interwoven with 止 A vast tract of land A virtuous man / a man of supreme virtue / moral integrity A widening expanse of water abandon … to fate Ache/agonize with pain Adjoining room admire sb for sth affected 做作aim high amiable by nature Amuse on eself by =-do …for fun Amusing episode an enlightened king An odd-jobber An opportune moment 合适时机Ancestral home Approach senility 1
2016翻译硕士复习资料：英译中国现代散文选(11) (1)
2016翻译硕士复习资料：英译中国现代散文选（11） 朋友 巴金 这一次的旅行使我更了解一个名词的意义，这个名词就是：朋友。 七八天以前我曾对一个初次见面的朋友说：“在朋友们面前我只感到惭愧(1)。你们待我太好了，我简直没法报答你们。”这并不是谦虚的客气话，这是真的事实。说过这些话，我第二天就离开了那个朋友，并不知道以后还有没有机会再看见他。但是他给我的那一点点温暖至今还使我的心颤动(2)。 我的生命大概不会很长久罢。然而在短促的过去的回顾中却有一盏明灯，照彻了我的灵魂的黑暗，使我的生存有一点光彩。这盏灯就是就友情。我应该感谢它，因为靠了它我才能够活到现在;而且把旧家庭给我留下的阴影扫除了的也正是它。 世间有不少的人为了家庭抛弃朋友，至少也会在家庭和朋友之间划一个界限，把家庭看得比朋友重过若干倍。这似乎是很自然的事情。我也曾亲眼看见一些人结婚以后就离开朋友，离开事业。…… 朋友是暂时的，家庭是永久的。在好些人的行为里我发见了这个信条。这个信条在我实在是不可理解的。对于我，要是没有朋友，我现在会变成怎样可怜的东西，我自己也不知道(3)。 然而朋友们把我救了。他们给了我家庭所不能给的东西。他们的友爱，他们的帮助，他们的鼓励，几次把我从深渊的边沿救回来。他们对我表示了无限的慷慨(4)。 我的生活曾经是悲苦的，黑暗的。然而朋友们把多量的同情，多量的爱，多量的欢乐，多量的眼泪分了给我，这些东西都是生存所必需的。这些不要报答的慷慨的施舍，使我的生活里也有了温暖，有了幸福(5)。我默默地接受了它们。我并不曾说一句感激的话，我也没有做过一件报答的行为。但是朋友们却不把自私的形容词加到我的身上。对于我，他们太慷慨了(6)。 这一次我走了许多新地方，看见了许多新朋友。我的生活是忙碌的：忙着看，忙着听，忙着说，忙着走。但是我不曾遇到一点困难，朋友们给我准备好了一切，使我不会缺少什么。我每走到一个新地方，我就像回到我那个在上海被日本兵毁掉的旧居一样。 每一个朋友，不管他自己的生活是怎样苦，怎样简单，也要慷慨地分一些东西给我，虽然明知道我不能够报答他。有些朋友，连他们的名字我以前也不知道，他们却关心我的健康，处处打听我的“病况”，直到他们看见了我那被日光晒黑了的脸和膀子，他们才放心地微笑了，这种情形的确值得人掉泪。 有人相信我不写文章就不能够生活。两个月以前，一个同情我的上海朋友寄稿到《广州民国日报》的副刊，说了许多关于我的生活的话。他也说我一天不写文章第二天就没有饭吃(7)。这是不确实的。这次旅行就给我证明;即使我不再写一个字，朋友们也不肯让我冻馁。世间还有许多慷慨的人，他们并不把自己个人和家庭看得异常重要，超过一切。靠了他们我才能够活到现在，而且靠了他们我还要活下去。 朋友们给我的东西是太多、太多了(8)。我将怎样报答他们呢?但是我知道他
张培基英译散文选3
张培基英译现代散文选3 The Commercial Press and I Unable to see the manuscripts well, I have to rely on someone to read out for me.只能听别人念 With a comment scribbled in red ink about my mistake Enter…on the recommendation of sb. 经…介绍 Co-compile with sb.与…合编 I acted on his behalf as editor of the magazine Fiction Monthly. 代他编…（小说月报）With sb. as my collaborator跟…合作 Do proofreading看校样 It was the post-Great Revolution days when the stirring times found expression in literature.时代的激荡会在文学领域反应出来。 He had up to then written no fiction.他过去不写小说。 Start its publication of the magazine…创办…杂志 Sports requisites体育器械 …boast a galaxy of talent…是知识分子聚集的地方。A galaxy of talent人才济济 Became concurrently director of the People’s Education Publishing House兼任社长 …are still living and enjoy good health健在 It is said that people in the publishing trade live longer.有人说做出版工作的人就是长寿。《什么事不可能》Nothing Is Impossible to a Willing Mind 中国古代神话classical Chinese mythology 《封神传》Canonization of the Gods Make aviation experiments 不过这还是极少数“痴子”的信心，一般人还是嗤之以鼻。 Yet the handful of“dreamers”of those days were subjected to jeers and laughters. 学徒出身的发明家an apprentice-turned-inventor Without the above-mentioned early trailblazers, there would be no human flight to speak of today. 对于飞机大饶兴趣(sb. be) enamored of the flying machine. …不是一蹴而成的。Orville’s 1903 plane was something he accomplished after going through numerous setbacks. Made their first glider(滑翔机)patterned after a paper kite(纸鸢) 所以能向前努力者，无论成败，都有贡献。Therefore, succeed or fail, one is considered to have made a contribution so long as he has tried his utmost. In the face of obstacles面对困难 You need to take much time, do a lot of planning, go through countless procedures and carry out many improvements. And you’ll never make it unless you show the utmost patience. 《说开卷有益》On “Reading Is Always Beneficial” 现在多了一点智识，反过来又觉得古人的不欺我了。Now I know better than to do that. （明事理而不至于…） 可是坏书读了，而知道它的坏的原因与地方，岂不也是一得？After reading a bad book, we know all the whys and wherefores of its being bad.Isn’t that something of benefit to us too? 《当教师的快乐》Joys of the Teaching Career
张培基散文翻译 张培基散文翻译108篇
张培基散文翻译张培基散文翻译108篇 转] 张培基散文翻译语言点精要 xx-6-1614:19阅读转载自甲壳虫 · · · · · · 赞赞赞赞评论转载分享复制地址编辑上一篇| 下一篇：此文胜过你上三年、、、 1、It is sometimes beset with …有时候会有…的境遇/会有…相伴 2、 Nothing short of a … can help …唯有…才能/全靠…才能够 3、 Rolling on non-stop for thousands upon thousands of miles、一泻千里 4、 Fare likewise、正如这样 5、 Now … , now …有时…，有时… 6、 Better able to generate in oneself a sensation of …更能让人产生一种…之 感
7、… is now confronted with a … section of its course、…现在正遭遇进程上的 一段… 8、… , however, can only be shared by …而…，只有…样的人才可体会到 9、 The present … crisis can never obstacle the advance of …目前的…危机绝 不会阻碍…的进步 10、 Let us pace up our spirits and march through ...让我们鼓起雄健的精神 (1) 1、The greatest joy of …, is to … during its most difficult days、在最艰难的日 子里…，亦是最大的乐趣 12、 Grow restless 变得焦躁不安 Beg to differ 恕不同意/持反对意见 13、 Dash here and there in search of …跑来跑去的寻找 14、 He is going to … so that he could …他决定…以便… 15、… is not groundless because ……并非空害怕/没依据，因为… 16、 Keep moving around in a hurry 慌慌张张地走/跑
《英译现代散文选》读书报告
《英译现代散文选》读书报告 正如张培基先生所说，“散文最真实，最笃诚，不雕饰，不做作，因而是一种最易令人感到亲切的文体”，散文“形散神不散”，句式灵活多变、逻辑性不强。因其“率真”的特点，在翻译成英文过程中不仅要考虑恰当词的选择，而且要照顾的中文字里行间所表达的意义，乃至篇章的布局和风格。在翻译成英文前，正确的理解中文所要表达的意思至关重要。这样才能做到“忠实于原作的内容，保持原作的风格”，在次基础上，还要考虑表达是否通顺，能否被读者接受。翻译不仅仅是语言的对等，文化内涵上也要对等，让读者读起来就像读原作一样的感觉。通读张培基先生的《英译现代散文选》(一)能深刻体会到“忠实、通顺”这四字翻译标准。 一、在短语和词的处理上 李大钊的《艰难的国运与雄健的国民》一文，意在说明历史发展的必然规律，表达了中国革命者的乐观精神。其题目翻译为“National Crisis Vs Heroic Nation”，national 和nation 押头韵，有一种音韵美，读起来朗朗上口，铿锵有力，让读者感受到革命势不可挡的气魄。翻译没按字面直译，而是对汉语的精神的提炼，做到了忠实于原文，可谓是升华与再创造。文章中“要知在艰难的国运中建造国家，亦是人生最有趣味的事”，译文“The greatest joy of life, mind you, is to build up our country during its most difficult days. 此句中“在艰难的国运中”强调时间——这段艰难的日子。故不能按照译题目的思路来翻译此处。 在“艰难险阻的境界”、“曲折回环，极其险峻”、“有时是崎岖险路”、“一段崎岖险阻的道路”中，都表达了危险的意思，但是翻译成英文究竟该用哪个“形容危险”的词，是和汉语表意的侧重点分不开的。第一段中的“艰难险阻的境界”侧重说明这段道路有困难和阻碍，故将“险”省去不译。“曲折回环，极其险峻”是在说水流曲折与猛劲的险，而perilous强调即刻临头的危险，用perilous形容更能体现水流之猛，画面感很强。“有时是崎岖险路”是指征人所走过的路中的一种情况，hazardous可以形容造成损失或严重伤害的时机或场合，故这里比dangerous 更恰当。最后一个为了避免重复译为dangerous 也是必要的。在充分理解文章的基础上，做到了忠实于原文，选择恰当的英语词汇，也符合英语表达习惯。做到这些都是基于对中文和英文的深刻理解。 对于一些汉语中特有的词汇，如《差不多先生传》中“差不多先生”译为“Mr. About-the-Same”可谓是一种再创造。“钱铺”译为money shop而不是private bank，确切的表达了原文的意思。《背影》中的“茶房”，汉语中指旅馆轮船等内的服务员，根据语境的不同，翻译的也不一样。文中出现两处“茶房”分别译为了a hotel waiter和train attendants. 汉语表意灵活多变，因此同样的词或短语在不同的位置，侧重表意不同，功能不同，其翻译所选的词也不同。
张培基英译现代散文选1
张培基英译现代散文选1 1. Phrasal Expression & Words … amid(st) thunderous applause a bare subsistence A be characteristic of B = B be characterized by A A bend in a river / mountain A blind alley A brass drum 小铜鼓 A bygone age a clot of blood A cobbled path A confused mass of … A faint scent of A forgone conclusion 预料中的必然结局 A hired hand on contract A jumble of … 一大堆 A keen sense of A long-timer of Beijing A loose community of smaller family A man of profound learning A mere drop in the ocean A niche in the temple of fame A passing glance A philosophical approach to life a positive outcome A scene of poetic charm A sensation of blissfulness A speck of mud A ston e’s throw A trace / shade / tint/ sprinkle of … A Treasury of Best Chinese Prose 古文观止 A vast tract of land A virtuous man / a man of supreme virtue / moral integrity A widening expanse of water abandon … to fate Ache/agonize with pain Adjoining room admire sb for sth affected 做作 aim high amiable by nature Amuse one self by… = do … for fun Amusing episode an enlightened king An odd-jobber An opportune moment 合适时机 Ancestral home Approach senility aptly 恰如其分地 Art troupe 文工团 At a stretch/sitting At one ’s command at the present moment Avaricious desires 贪念 Bark up the wrong tree 攻击错了目标 bashful Bask in the sunshine Be ablaze/aglow with light be advanced in years be an encumbrance to … Be beset/troubled with/by Be blurred by … Be bogged down = be trapped Be bound up with …密切关联 be central/indispensable to sb. Be cooped up = be caged be deeply grieved to learn of … be distinguished by Be engrossed in … Be exquisite and nicely arranged be forever cherished / treasured Be hale and hearty Be havened from be humanly impossible Be imprinted/carved/engraved/ingrained on/upon … be in a fix Be instrumental in Be interwoven with 交织着 be irrelevant / foreign to Be keenly aware of be keyed up 紧张 Be led by the nose be of southern breed Be off and on be on an equal footing with … Be on the lips of … Be on the minds of.. be out to do … be overgrown with wild woods be packed with … Be plagued = annoyed = upset Be possessed Be possessed of be reconciled to … be reduced to be saddled with be sent to gallows Be short of/devoid of Be shrouded in = be covered in = be enveloped in Be sloppy in thinking Be strewn/covered/festooned with … Be stumped by = baffled Be tantamount to …= equal Be tinted / colored by … Be troubled / seized with … Be tucked away in … Be weaned 断奶 Be weighed down/ troubled with be wet with perspiration/… Be wide of / far from the mark 离谱 Be wild with excitement / joy Be worthy of … 无愧于 Beam = a big smile on face Bear a thin coating of … begin by degrees 逐渐开始 Beguile = while / idle / fritter away Bibliomania bicker Birds of a feather flock together Blackout: (战时)灯火管制 Blurt 脱口而出 bookish / pedantic / impractical view Border sth on the west boudoir 闺房 Bountiful free gifts Bow down to Brazenly claim / credit 厚颜无耻邀功 Break into uncontrolled sobs Brilliant talent burst with vitality Bury the hatchet Button up clothes By dint of 凭借 Capon Carcass: slaughtered animal for food Cavernous mouth Chant ancient Chinese books 诵读古籍 chicken-and-egg 因果难断的 Chit chat Click away the seconds Come dimly into sight Come out exceedingly well Come to pass 出现，发生 Come up against Come upon a windfall Come/be of age Confirmed = habitual Confirmed = habitual Congenial disposition 天性 convulsive sob cool one ’s heel Cordially
2016翻译硕士复习资料：英译中国现代散文选(2)
2016翻译硕士复习资料：英译中国现代散文选（2） 螃蟹 老螃蟹觉得不安了，觉得全身太硬了(1)，自己知道要蜕壳(2)了。 他跑来跑去的寻。他想寻一个窟穴，躲了身子，将石子堵了穴口，隐隐的蜕壳。他知道外面蜕壳(3)是危险的。身子还软(4)，要被别的螃蟹吃去的。这并非空害怕，他实在亲眼见过。 他慌慌张张的走。 旁边的螃蟹(5)问他说：“老兄，你何以这般慌?” 他说：“我要蜕壳了。” “就在这里蜕不是很好么?我还要帮你呢。” “那可太怕人了。” “你不怕窟穴里的别的东西，却怕我们同种么?” “我不是怕同种。” “那是怕什么呢?” “就怕你要吃掉我(6)。” The Crab An old crab grew restless. Finding himself stiff all over, he knew it was time for him to moult his shell. He dashed here and there in search of a cave to hide. He was going to block up the mouth of cave so that he could moult in secret. He knew it would be very dangerous to shed his shell in the open because, with his new shell still being soft, he might be eaten up by other crabs. This fear was not groundless for he himself had really seen it happen to other moulting crabs. The old crab kept moving about in a hurry. A nearby crab asked, “Hey, brother, what’s the rush?” “I am going to moult,” answered the old crab. “Wouldn’t it be all right to moult right here? I could help you out with it.” “How horrible that would be!” “You mean while you’ll not scared of other things in the cave you’re scared of your own kind?” “No, I’m not scared of my own kind.” “Then what are you scared of?” “Nothing but being eaten up by you.” 注释: 《螃蟹》是近年发现的鲁迅佚文。文章发表于1919年8月间，时值五四运动方兴未艾，作者通过寓言故事，提醒人们新生事物往往有被旧事物消灭于萌芽状态的危险。 (1)“觉得全身太硬了”译为Finding himself stiff al over，其中all over 意即“全身”或“浑身”，作状语短语用。如逐字译为finding his whole body stiff并无不可，但语言稍欠地道。
张培基散文翻译语言点精要
张培基散文翻译语言点精要 1. It is sometimes beset with…有时候会有…的境遇/会有…相伴 2. Nothing short of a…can help…唯有...才能/全靠…才能够 3. rolling on non-stop for thousands upon thousands of miles一泻千里 4. Fare likewise.正如这样 5. Now…, now….有时…，有时… 6. Better able to generate in oneself a sensation of…更能让人产生一种…之感 7.…is now confronted with a…section of its course……现在正遭遇进程上的一段… 8.…, however, can only be shared by…而…,只有…样的人才可体会到 9.Thepresent…criscanneverobstacletheadvanceof…目前的…危机绝不会阻碍…的进步。 1 0." Let us brace up our spirit and march through…让我们鼓起雄健的精神… 1 1." The greatest joy of…, is to…during its most difficult days.在最艰难的日子里…，亦是最大的乐趣。 1 2." Grow restless变得焦躁不安Beg to differ恕不同意/持反对意见 1 3." Dash here and there in search o f…跑来跑去的寻找 1
张培基英译现代散文选1
1 张培基英译现代散文选1 1. Phrasal Expression & Words … amid(st) thunderous applause a bare subsistence A be characteristic of B = B be characterized by A A bend in a river / mountain A blind alley A brass drum 小铜鼓 A bygone age a clot of blood A cobbled path A confused mass of … A faint scent of A forgone conclusion 预料中的必然结局 A hired hand on contract A jumble of … 一大堆 A keen sense of A long-timer of Beijing A loose community of smaller family A man of profound learning A mere drop in the ocean A niche in the temple of fame A passing glance A philosophical approach to life a positive outcome A scene of poetic charm A sensation of blissfulness A speck of mud A ston e’s throw A trace / shade / tint/ sprinkle of … A Treasury of Best Chinese Prose 古文观止 A vast tract of land A virtuous man / a man of supreme virtue / moral integrity A widening expanse of water abandon … to fate Ache/agonize with pain Adjoining room admire sb for sth affected 做作 aim high amiable by nature Amuse one self by… = do … for fun Amusing episode an enlightened king An odd-jobber An opportune moment 合适时机 Ancestral home Approach senility aptly 恰如其分地 Art troupe 文工团 At a stretch/sitting At one ’s command at the present moment Avaricious desires 贪念 Bark up the wrong tree 攻击错了目标 bashful Bask in the sunshine Be ablaze/aglow with light be advanced in years be an encumbrance to … Be beset/troubled with/by Be blurred by … Be bogged down = be trapped Be bound up with …密切关联 be central/indispensable to sb. Be cooped up = be caged be deeply grieved to learn of … be distinguished by Be engrossed in … Be exquisite and nicely arranged be forever cherished / treasured Be hale and hearty Be havened from be humanly impossible Be imprinted/carved/engraved/ingrained on/upon … be in a fix Be instrumental in Be interwoven with 交织着 be irrelevant / foreign to Be keenly aware of be keyed up 紧张 Be led by the nose be of southern breed Be off and on be on an equal footing with … Be on the lips of … Be on the minds of.. be out to do … be overgrown with wild woods be packed with … Be plagued = annoyed = upset Be possessed Be possessed of be reconciled to … be reduced to be saddled with be sent to gallows Be short of/devoid of Be shrouded in = be covered in = be enveloped in Be sloppy in thinking Be strewn/covered/festooned with … Be stumped by = baffled Be tantamount to …= equal Be tinted / colored by … Be troubled / seized with … Be tucked away in … Be weaned 断奶 Be weighed down/ troubled with be wet with perspiration/… Be wide of / far from the mark 离谱 Be wild with excitement / joy Be worthy of … 无愧于 Beam = a big smile on face Bear a thin coating of … begin by degrees 逐渐开始 Beguile = while / idle / fritter away Bibliomania bicker Birds of a feather flock together Blackout: (战时)灯火管制 Blurt 脱口而出 bookish / pedantic / impractical view Border sth on the west boudoir 闺房 Bountiful free gifts Bow down to Brazenly claim / credit 厚颜无耻邀功 Break into uncontrolled sobs Brilliant talent burst with vitality Bury the hatchet Button up clothes By dint of 凭借 Capon Carcass: slaughtered animal for food Cavernous mouth Chant ancient Chinese books 诵读古籍 chicken-and-egg 因果难断的 Chit chat Click away the seconds Come dimly into sight Come out exceedingly well Come to pass 出现，发生 Come up against Come upon a windfall Come/be of age
2016翻译硕士复习资料：英译中国现代散文选(33)
2016翻译硕士复习资料：英译中国现代散文选（33） 母亲的回忆 朱德 得到母亲去世的消息，我很悲痛。我爱我母亲，特别是她勤劳一生，很多事情是值得我永远回忆的。 我家是佃农，祖籍广东韶关籍人，在“湖广填四川” (1)时迁移四川仪陇县马鞍场。世代为地主耕种，家境是贫苦的(2)，和我们来往的朋友也都是老老实实的贫苦农民。 母亲一共生了十三个儿女，因为家境贫穷，无法全部养活，只留下八个，以后再生下的被迫溺死了。这在母亲心里是多么悲痛、悲哀和无可奈何的事啊!母亲把八个孩子一手养大成人。可是她的时间大半给家务和耕种占去了，没法多照顾孩子，只好让孩子们在地里爬着。 母亲是个“好劳动” (3)。从我能记忆时起，总是天不亮就起床。全家二十口人，妇女轮班煮饭，轮到就煮一年。母亲把饭煮了，还要种田种菜，喂猪养蚕，纺棉花。因为她身材高大结实，还能挑水挑粪。 母亲这样地整日劳碌着，我们到四五岁时就很自然地在旁边帮她的忙，到八九岁时就不单能挑能背，还会种地了。记得那时我从学堂回家，母亲总在灶上汗流满面地烧饭，我就悄悄把书本一放，挑水或放牛去了。有的季节里，我上午读书下午种地，一到农忙便整月停在地里跟着母亲劳动。这个时期母亲教给我许多生产知识。 佃农家庭的生活自然是很苦的。可是由于母亲的聪明能干，却很舒服。我们把桐子榨油来点灯。吃的是豌豆饭，菜花，红薯饭，杂粮饭，把菜籽榨出的油放在饭里做调料，这种地主富人家看也不看的饭食，母亲却能做得使一家吃起来有滋味。赶上丰年，才能缝上一些新衣服，衣服也是自己生产出来的。母亲亲手纺出线，请人织成布，染了颜色，我们叫做“家织布”，有铜钱那样厚，一套衣服老大穿过了，老二老三接下来穿还穿不烂(4)。 劳动的家庭是有规律有组织的。我的祖父是一个中国标本式的农民，到了八九十岁还非耕田不可，不耕田就会害病，直到临死前不久还在地里劳动。祖母是家庭的组织者，一切生产事务由她管理分派。每年除夕，分派好一年的工作以后，天还没亮，母亲就第一个起床烧火做饭去了，接着听见祖父起来的声音，接着大家都离开床铺，喂猪的喂养猪，砍柴的砍柴，挑水的挑水。母亲在家庭里极能够任劳任怨，她和蔼的性格使她从来没有打骂过我们上次，而且也没有和任何人炒过架(5)。因此,虽在这样的大家庭里，长幼叔伯妯娌相处都很和睦。母亲同情贫苦的人——这是她朴素的阶级意识——虽然自己不富裕，还周济和照顾比自己更穷的亲戚(6)。她自己是很节省的。父亲有时吸点大烟，喝点酒，母亲管束着我们，不允许我们沾染上一点。母亲那种劳动简朴的习惯，母亲那种宽厚仁慈的态度，至今还在我心中留有深刻的印象。 但是灾难不因为中国农民的和平就不能降临到他们的身上。庚子(一九○○)后前后，四川连年旱灾，很多农民饥饿破产。农民不得不成群结队去“吃大户”。我亲眼见到六七百著得破破烂烂的农民和他们的妻子儿女，被所谓“官兵”一阵