全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)试题及答案

XX年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)试题及答案

xx年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)试题及答案

下面是的xx年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)试题及答案，欢迎阅读，希望对大家有所帮助。

Section I Use of English

Directions:

Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be a resounding “yes!”1 helping you feel close and 2 to people you care about, it turns out that hugs can bring a 3 of health benefits to your body and mind. Believe it or not, a warm embrace might even help you 4getting sick this winter.

In a recent study 5 over 400 health adults, researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined

the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs6 the partic ipants’ susceptibility to developing the mon cold after being 7 to the virus .People who perceived greater social support were less likely to e 8 with a

cold ,and the researchers 9 that the stress-reducing

effects of hugging10 about 32 percent of that beneficial effect. 11 among those who got a cold, the ones who felt

greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe 12 .

“Hugging protects people who are under stress from the 13 risk for colds that’s usually14 with stress,” notes Sheldon Cohen, a professor of psychology at Carnegie. Hugging “is a marker of intimacy and helps 15 the feeling that others are there to help 16difficulty.”

Some experts 17 the stress-reducing , health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin, often called “the bonding hormone” 18 it promotes attachment in relationships, including that between mother and their newborn babies. Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain , and some of it is released into the bloodstream. But some of it 19 in the brain, where it 20 mood, behavior and physiology.

1.[A] Unlike [B] Besides [C] Despite [D] Throughout

【答案】[B] Besides

2.[A] connected [B] restricted [C] equal [D] inferior

【答案】[A] connected

3.[A] choice [B] view [C] lesson [D] host

【答案】[D] host

4.[A] recall [B] forget [C] avoid [D] keep

【答案】[C] avoid

5.[A] collecting [B] involving [C] guiding [D]

affecting

【答案】[B] involving

6.[A] of [B] in [C] at [D] on

【答案】[D] on

7.[A] devoted [B] exposed [C] lost [D] attracted

【答案】[B] exposed

8.[A] across [B] along [C] down [D] out

【答案】[C] down

9.[A] calculated [B] denied [C] doubted [D] imagined

【答案】[A] calculated

10.[A] served [B] required [C] restored [D] explained

【答案】[D] explained

11.[A] Even [B] Still [C] Rather [D] Thus

【答案】[A] Even

12.[A] defeats [B] symptoms [C] tests [D] errors

【答案】[B] symptoms

13.[A] minimized [B] highlighted [C] controlled [D] increased

【答案】[D] increased

14.[A] equipped [B] associated [C] presented [D] pared

【答案】[B] associated

15.[A] assess [B] moderate [C] generate [D] record

【答案】[C] generate

16.[A] in the face of [B] in the form of [C] in the way of [D] in the name of

【答案】[A] in the face of

17.[A] transfer [B] mit [C] attribute [D] return

【答案】[C] attribute

18.[A] because [B] unless [C] though [D] until

【答案】[A] because

19.[A] emerges [B] vanishes [C] remains [D] decreases

【答案】[C] remains

20.[A] experiences [B] bines [C] justifies

[D]influences

【答案】[D]influences

Section II Reading Comprehension

Part A

Directions:

Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)

Text 1

First two hours , now three hours—this is how far in advance authorities are remending people show up to catch a domestic flight , at least at some major U.S. airports with increasingly massive security lines.

Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming security procedures in return for increased safety. The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804,which terrorists may have downed over the Mediterranean Sea ,provides another tragic reminder of why. But demanding too much of air travelers or

providing too little security in return undermines public support for the process. And it should: Wasted time is a drag on Americans’ economic and private lives, not to mention infuriating.

Last year, the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) found in a secret check that undercover investigators were able to sneak weapons---both fake and real—past airport security nearly every time they tried .Enhanced security measures since then, bined with a rise in airline travel due to the improving Chicago’s O’Hare

International .It is not yet clear how much more effective airline security has bee—but the lines are obvious.

Part of the issue is that the government did not anticipate the steep increase in airline travel , so the TSA is now rushing to get new screeners on the line. Part of the issue is that airports have only so much room for screening lanes. Another factor may be that more people are trying to overpack their carry-on bags to avoid checked-baggage fees, though the airlines strongly dispute this.

There is one step the TSA could take that would not require remodeling airports or rushing to hire: Enroll more people in the PreCheck program. PreCheck is supposed to be a win-win for travelers and the TSA. Passengers who pass a background check are eligible to useexpeditedscreening

lanes. This allows the TSA wants to enroll 25 million

people in PreCheck.

It has not gotten anywhere close to that, and one big reason is sticker shock. Passengers must pay $85 every five years to process their background checks. Since the beginning, this price ta g has been PreCheck’s fatal flaw. Uping reforms might bring the price to a more reasonable level. But Congress should look into doing so directly, by helping to finance PreCheck enrollment or to cut costs in other ways.

The TSA cannot continue diverting resources into underused PreCheck lanes while most of the traveling public suffers in unnecessary lines. It is long past time to make the program work.

21. the crash of Egypt Air Flight 804 is mentioned to

[A] stress the urgency to strengthen security worldwide.

[B] highlight the necessity of upgrading major US airports.

[C] explain Americans’ tolerance of current security checks.

[D] emphasis the importance of privacy protection.

【答案】[C] explain Americans’ tolerance of current security checks.

22. which of the following contributions to long waits

at major airport?

[A] New restrictions on carry-on bags.

[B] The declining efficiency of the TSA.

[C] An increase in the number of travelers.

[D] Frequent unexpected secret checks.

【答案】[C] An increase in the number of travelers.

23.The word “expedited” (Line 4, Para.5) is closest in meaning to

[A] faster.

[B] quieter.

[C] wider.

[D] cheaper.

【答案】[A] faster.

24. One problem with the PreCheck program is

[A] A dramatic reduction of its scale.

[B] Its wrongly-directed implementation.

[C] The government’s reluctance to back it.

[D] An unreasonable price for enrollment.

【答案】[D] An unreasonable price for enrollment.

25. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?

[A] Less Screening for More Safety

[B] PreCheck-a Belated Solution

[C] Getting Stuck in Security Lines

[D] Underused PreCheck Lanes

【答案】[B] PreCheck-a Belated Solution

Text 2

“The ancient Hawaiians were astronomers,” wrote Queen Liliuokalani, Hawaii’s last reigning monarch, in 1897. Star watchers were among the most esteemed members of Hawaiian society. Sadly, all is not well with astronomy in Hawaii today. Protests have erupted over construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope(TMT), a giant observatory that promises to revolutionize humanity’s view of the cosmos.

At issue is the TMT’s planned location on Mauna Kea, a dormant volcano worshiped by some Hawaiians as the piko , that connects the Hawaiian Islands to the heavens. But Mauna Kea is also home to some of the world’s most powerful telescopes. Rested in the Pacific Ocean, Mauna Kea’s peak rises above the bulk of our pla’s dense atmosphere, where conditions allow telescopes to obtain images of unsurpassed clarity.

Opposition to telescopes on Mauna Kea is nothing new. A small but vocal group of Hawaiians and environments have long viewed their presence as disrespect for sacred land and a painful reminder of the oupation of what was once a sovereign nation.

Some blame for the current controversy belongs to astronomers. In their eagerness to build bigger telescopes, they forgot that science is the only way of understanding the world. They did not always prioritize the protection of

Mauna Kea’s fragi le ecosystems or its holiness to the island’s inhabitants. Hawaiian culture is not a relic of the past; it is a living culture undergoing a renaissance today.

Yet science has a cultural history, too, with roots going back to the dawn of civilization. The same curiosity to find what lies beyond the horizon that first brought early Polynesians to Hawaii’s shores inspires astronomers today to explore the heavens. Calls to disassemble all telescopes on Mauna Kea or to ban future development there ignore the reality that astronomy and Hawaiian culture both seek to answer big questions about who we are, where we e from and where we are going. Perhaps that is why we explore the starry skies, as if answering a primal calling to know ourselves and our true ancestral homes.

The astronomy munity is making promises to change its use of Mauna Kea. The TMT site was chosen to minimize the telescope’s visibility around the island and to avoid archaeological and environmental impact. To limit the number of telescopes on Mauna Kea, old ones will be removed at the end of their lifetimes and their sites returned to a natural state. There is no reason why everyone cannot be weled on Mauna Kea to embrace their cultural heritage and to study the stars.

26. Queen Liliuokalan i’s remark in Paragraph 1 indicates

[A] its conservative view on the historical role of astronomy.

[B] the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society.

[C] the regrettable decline of astronomy in ancient times.

[D] her appreciation of s tar watchers’ feats in her time.

【答案】[B] the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society.

27. Mauna Kea is deemed as an ideal astronomical site due to

[A] its geographical features

[B] its protective surroundings.

[C] its religious implications.

[D] its existing infrastructure.

【答案】[A] its geographical features

28. The construction of the TMT is opposed by some locals partly because

[A] it may risk ruining their intellectual life.

[B] it reminds them of a humiliating history.

[C] their culture will lose a chance of revival.

[D] they fear losing control of Mauna Kea.

【答案】[B] it reminds them of a humiliating history.

29. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that progress in today’s astronomy

[A] is fulfilling the dreams of ancient Hawaiians.

[B] helps spread Hawaiian culture across the world.

[C] may uncover the origin of Hawaiian culture.

[D] will eventually soften Hawaiians’ hostility.

【答案】[C] may uncover the origin of Hawaiian culture.

30. Th e author’s attitude toward choosing Mauna Kea as the TMT site is one of

[A] severe criticism.

[B] passive aeptance.

[C] slight hesitancy.

[D] full approval.

【答案】[D] full approval.

Text 3

Robert F. Kennedy once said that a country’s GDP measures “everything except that which makes life worthwhile.” With Britain voting to leave the European Union, and GDP already predicted to slow as a result, it is now a timely moment to assess what he was referring to.

The question of GDP and its usefulness has annoyed policymakers for over half a century. Many argue that it is a flawed concept. It measures things that do not matter and misses things that do. By most recent measures, the UK’s

GDP has been the envy of the Western world, with record low unemployment and high growth figures. If everything was going so well, then why did over 17 million people vote for Brexit, despite the warnings about what it could do to

their country’s economic prospects?

A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growth into well-being sheds some light on that question. Across the 163 countries measured, the UK is one

of the poorest performers in ensuring that economic growth

is translated into meaningful improvements for its citizens. Rather than just focusing on GDP, over 40 different sets of criteria from health, education and civil society engagement have been measured to get a more rounded assessment of how countries are performing.

While all of these countries face their own challenges , there are a number of consistent themes . Yes , there has been a budding economic recovery since the xx global crash , but in key indicators in areas such as health and

education , major economies have continued to decline . Yet this isn’t the case with al l countries . Some relatively poor European countries have seen huge improvements across measures including civil society , ine equality and the environment.

This is a lesson that rich countries can learn : When GDP is no longer regarded as the sole measure of a country’s suess, the world looks very different .

So, what Kennedy was referring to was that while GDP has been the most mon method for measuring the economic activity of nations , as a measure , it is no longer enough . It does not include important factors such as environmental quality or education outes – all things that contribute to a person’s sense of well-being.

The sharp hit to growth predicted around the world and in the UK could lead to a decline in the everyday services we depend on for our well-being and for growth . But policymakers who refocus efforts on improving well-being rather than simply worrying about GDP figures could avoid the forecasted doom and may even see progress .

31.Robert F. Kennedy is cited because he

[A]praised the UK for its GDP.

[B]identified GDP with happiness .

[C]misinterpreted the role of GDP .

[D]had a low opinion of GDP .

【答案】[D] had a low opinion of GDP

32.It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that

[A]the UK is reluctant to remold its economic pattern .

[B]GDP as the measure of suess is widely defied in the UK .

[C]the UK will contribute less to the world economy .

[D]policymakers in the UK are paying less attention to GDP .

【答案】[B]GDP as the measure of suess is widely defied in the UK .

33.Which of the following is true about the recent annual study ?

[A]It is sponsored by 163 countries .

[B]It excludes GDP as an indicator.

[C]Its criteria are questionable .

[D]Its results are enlightening .

【答案】[D]Its results are enlightening .

34.In the last two paragraphs , the author suggests

that

[A]the UK is preparing for an economic boom .

[B]high GDP foreshadows an economic decline .

[C]it is essential to consider factors beyond GDP .

[D]it requires caution to handle economic issues .

【答案】[C]it is essential to consider factors beyond GDP .

35.Which of the following is the best title for the

text ?

[A]High GDP But Inadequate Well-being , a UK Lesson

[B]GDP Figures, a Window on Global Economic Health

[C]Rebort F.Kennedy, a Terminator of GDP

[D]Brexit, the UK’s Gateway to Well-being

【答案】[A]High GDP But Inadequate Well-being , a UK Lesson

Text 4

In a rare unanimous ruling, the US Supreme Court has overturned the corruption conviction of a former Virginia governor, Robert McDonnell. But it did so while holding its nose at the ethics of his conduct, which included aepting gifts such as a Rolex watch and a Ferrari automobile from a pany seeking aess to government.

The high cour t’s decision said the judge in Mr. McDonnell’s trial failed to tell a jury that it must look only at his “official acts,” or the former governor’s decisions on “specific” and “unsettled” issues related to his duties.

Merely helping a gift-giver gain aess to other officials, unless done with clear intent to pressure those officials, is not corruption, the justices found.

The court did suggest that aepting favors in return for opening doors is “distasteful” and “nasty.” But under anti-bribery laws, proof must be made of concrete benefits, such as approval of a contract or regulation. Simply arranging a meeting, making a phone call, or hosting an event is not an “official act”.

The court’s ruling is legally sound in defining a kind of favoritism that is not criminal. Elected leaders must be allowed to help supporters deal with bureaucratic problems without fear of prosecution for bribery.” The basic pact underlying representative government,” wrote Chief Justice John Roberts for the court,” assumes that public officials will hear from their constituents and act on their concerns.”

But the ruling reinforces the need for citizens and their elected representatives, not the courts, to ensure equality of aess to government. Officials must not be allowed to play favorites in providing information or in arranging meetings simply because an individual or group provides a campaign donation or a personal gift. This type of integrity requires well-enforced laws in government transparency, such as records of official meetings, rules on lobbying, and information about each elected leader’s source of wealth.

Favoritism in official aess can fan public perceptions of corruption. But it is not always corruption. Rather officials must avoid double standards, or different types of aess for average people and the wealthy. If connections can be bought, a basic premise of democratic society—that all are equal in treatment by government—is undermined.

Good governance rests on an understanding of the inherent worth of each individual.

The court’s ruling is a step forward in the struggle against both corruption and official favoritism.

36. The undermined sentence (Para.1) most probably shows that the court

[A] avoided defining the extent of McDonnell’s duties.

[B] made no promise in convicting McDonnell.

[C] was contemptuous of McDonnell’s conduct.

[D] refused to ment on McDonnell’s ethics.

【答案】[C] was contemptuous of McDonnell’s conduct.

37. Aording to Paragraph 4, an official act is deemed corruptive only if it involves

[A] leaking secrets intentionally.

[B] sizable gains in the form of gifts.

[C] concrete returns for gift-givers.

[D] breaking contracts officially.

【答案】[C] concrete returns for gift-givers.

38. The court’s ruling is bas ed on the assumption that public officials are

[A] justified in addressing the needs of their constituents.

[B] qualified to deal independently with bureaucratic issues.

[C] allowed to focus on the concerns of their supporters.

[D] exempt from conviction on the charge of favoritism.

【答案】[A] justified in addressing the needs of their constituents.

39. Well-enforced laws in government transparency are needed to

[A] awaken the conscience of officials.

[B] guarantee fair play in official aess.

[C] allow for certain kinds of lobbying.

[D] inspire hopes in average people.

【答案】[B] guarantee fair play in official aess.

40. The author’s attitude toward the court’s ruling

is

[A] sarcastic.

[B] tolerant.

[C] skeptical.

[D] supportive

【答案】[D] supportive

Part B

Directions:

The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the

list A-G to filling them into the numbered box. Paragraphs

B and D have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

[A]The first published sketch, “A Dinner at Poplar Walk” brought tears to Dickens’s eyes when he discovered it in the pages of The Monthly Magazine. From then on his sketches ,which appeared under the pen name “Boz” inThe Evening Chronicle, earned him a modest reputation.

[B]The runaway suess ofThe Pickwick Papers, as it is generally known today, secured Dickens’s fame. There were Pickwick coats and Pickwick cigars, and the plump, spectacled hero, Samuel Pickwick, became a national figure.

[C]Soon after Sketches by Bozappeared, a publishing

firm approached Dickens to write a story in monthly installments, as a backdrop for a series of woodcuts by the ten-famous artist Robert Seymour, who had originated the idea for the story. With characteristic confidence, Dickens suessfully insisted that Seymour’s pictures illustrate his own story instead. After the first installment, Dickens wrote to the artist and asked him to correct a drawing Dickens felt was not faithful enough to his prose. Seymour made the change, went into his backyard, and expressed his displeasure by mitting suicide. Dickens and his publishers simply pressed on with a new artist. The ic novel, The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club, appeared serially

in 1836 and 1837, and was first published in book form in 1837.

[D]Charles Dickens is probably the best-known and, to many people, the greatest English novelist of the 19th century. A moralist, satirist, and social reformer. Dickens crafted plex plots and striking characters that capture the panorama of English society.

[E]Soon after his father’s release from prison,

Dickens got a better job as errand boy in law offices. He taught himself shorthand to get an even better job later as a court stenographer and as a reporter in Parliament. At

the same time, Dickens, who had a reporter’s eye for transcribing the life around him especially anything ic or odd, submitted short sketches to obscure magazines.

[F] Dickens was born in Portsmouth, on England’s southern coast. His father was a clerk in the British navy pay office –a respectable position, but wish little social status. His paternal grandparents, a steward and a housekeeper possessed even less status, having been servants, and Dickens later concealed their background. Dicken’s mother supposedly came from a more respectable family. Yet two years before Dicken’s birth, his mother’s father was caught stealing and fled to Europe, never to return. The family’s increasing poverty forced Dickens out of school at age 12 to work in Warren’s Blacking Warehouse,

最新全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语真题及答案

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